Articles by "Politics"


President of India Complete Profile Details


The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India and the supreme commander of the Indian armed forces. Theoretically, the President has a lot of power, but in fact much of the power given to the President is exercised by the Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister of India. The President is elected by elected members of Congress and the legislatures of the states. Each term of office is 5 years and the term of office shall not exceed two consecutive terms. The current president may run for re-election.


Post name:    President of India
Official residence:    Victoria Palace, India
Political status:    Head of State and First Citizen of the Republic of India
Tenure:    5 years (no more than two sessions)
First President of India:    Rajendra Prasad
Incumbent:    Ram Nath Kovind

Table of Content

    1. job profile

    ▪ Presidential authority

    ▪ Presidential removal

    ▪ Presidential succession

    2. Current President

    3. Past Presidents

Job profile: Indian Presidency

The Indian Constitution gives the president all executive powers over the central government. The President appoints the Prime Minister who is most likely to receive majority support in the lower house of the parliament (People's House), usually the leader of the majority party or coalition. 
The president then appoints other members of the ministerial council and assigns them to each other on the advice of the prime minister.

As long as the President does not object, the Council of Ministers can remain in power. In fact, the Council of Ministers must have the support of the lower house of parliament. 
A constitutional crisis could be triggered if the president deliberately dissolves the ministerial conference. So in fact, as long as the Council of Ministers can get the majority support from the lower house, it will not be disbanded.

The President appoints many officials, including:


  1. Heads of state
  2. Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme and High Courts
  3. Attorney general
  4. Auditor General
  5. Chief Elector and other Electors
  6. Chairman and other members of the federal public service commission
  7. Diplomatic Envoys

In addition, the President is responsible for receiving the credentials submitted by foreign envoys, and is the legal commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. 

He has the power to pardon or reduce sentences for convicted persons, especially in cases involving the death penalty. The President may exercise pardons or other powers without regard to the opinions of the Prime Minister or the House of Commons. In most other cases, the President exercises power in the opinion of the Prime Minister.

Indian Presidential removal

If the President violates the Constitution during his term, he can be removed by impeachment.
The removal process can begin in either house of Congress. The allegations against the President are first filed in the court, and these allegations will be accompanied by a notice, which will be sent to the president if there are not less than a quarter of the total number of members of the court. After 14 days, the impeachment case will be considered.

The motion to impeach the President requires the support of a two-thirds majority of all members of the House of Representatives before it can be passed in that court. The impeachment case passed by one house will be sent to the other house. Another court investigates the allegations that have been made, during which the president can defend himself through an authorized lawyer. If the other House also passed an impeachment by a two-thirds majority, the president would be successfully impeached and absent from the resolution. Apart from impeachment, the president's unconstitutional acts are not punished in other ways.
No president has experienced impeachment so far, so the above terms have not been tested.

Presidential succession in India

When the presidency vacates due to death, resignation, or dismissal, etc., Article 65 of the Indian Constitution stipulates that the vice president shall act as president. When the new president is elected and assumes office, the vice president resumes his duties. If the president is unable to perform his duties due to illness or other reasons, the vice president temporarily acts as president until the president returns to office.
When the vice president assumes the functions of acting president or acting president, he has all the powers and immunity of the president, and can enjoy the same salary as the president.

Current president of India

Ram Nat Covind is the current President of India.
The results of the counting of votes announced by the Indian Election Commission on July 20, 2017 show that the National Democratic League presidential candidate, Ram Nat Cowend, was elected as India's new president with more than 65% of the vote. Ram Nat Cowend was sworn in at the Parliament Building, New Delhi, the capital of India, on July 25, 2017.

Ram Nath Kovind is a 71-year-old senior member of the Indian People's Party. From 1994 to 2006, Kovind was a member of the upper house of the Federal Parliament. In 2015, he was appointed governor of Bihar. Kovind and the current Prime Minister Modi are both members of the Indian People's Party.

Experts have said that if Kovind is elected as the new president, this will form a situation where the Indian president, prime minister and chief minister of the major states are all from the Indian Party. It also means that The Indian Party will be more powerful, and Modi's governing environment will be more relaxed.

Past Presidents of India

1. Rajendra Prasad  ) January 26, 1950-May 13, 1962
2. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan   May 13, 1962-May 13, 1967
3. Zakir Hussain   May 13, 1967-May 3, 1969
Acting President Varahagiri Venkata Giri   May 3, 1969-July 20, 1969
Acting President Mohammad Hidayatullah   July 20, 1969-August 24, 1969
4. Varahagiri Venkata Giri   August 24, 1969-August 24, 1974
5. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed   August 24, 1974-February 11, 1977
Acting President Basappa Danappa Jatti   February 11, 1977-July 25, 1977
6. Neelam Sanjivareddy Reddy   July 25, 1977-July 25, 1982
7. Giani Zail Singh   July 25, 1982-July 25, 1987
8. Ramaswamy Venkataraman   July 25, 1987-July 25, 1992
9. Shankar Dayal Sharma   July 25, 1992-July 25, 1997
10. Kocheril Raman Narayanan   July 25, 1997-July 25, 2002
11. Abdul Kalam   July 25, 2002-July 25, 2007
12. Pratibha Patil   July 25, 2007-July 25, 2012
13. Pranab Mukherjee   July 25, 2012-July 25, 2017
14. Ram Nath Kovind   July 25, 2017—present

President of India is Supreme Commander of Indian Armed Forces
President of India is Supreme Commander of Indian Armed Forces

 

India has a president who is full of love with Modi ji, despite his status as a high ambitionist

Everyone familiar with India knows that India's major events and minor affairs are calculated by Indian Prime Minister Modi. In many people's impressions, the Prime Minister is the head of state, but few people know that India also has a president! The current Indian President is Ramnat Kovind, and has been the President of India since 2017. In theory, the Indian President is the head of state and the first citizen of India, and the highest commander of the Indian armed forces. In theory, the Indian president has absolute Power. However, it is only theoretical. The Indian President in reality has no real power, or has but does not exercise!

Theoretically, the Indian president has all the executive powers over the government. The president appoints the person most likely to receive the most support from the lower house of parliament as the prime minister, and then continues to appoint other members of the ministerial council, assigning personal duties as suggested by the prime minister. 
However, in reality, the parliamentary system implemented in India means that the people in power of the country are generated from the parliament chosen by the people, that is, the voters choose parliamentarians.

India's president is recommended by the Prime Minister. For example, Kovind's presidency was obtained on the recommendation of Modi. Theoretically, the president can dissolve the ministerial meeting to cancel the post of prime minister, but this will trigger a constitutional crisis. 
Therefore, as long as the ministerial meeting has the majority of the parliament's support, the president has no way to dissolve, and is not eligible to cancel the ministerial prime minister.

In the final analysis, the Indian President is a symbolic office responsible for etiquette and acceptance of credentials submitted by foreign envoys. His greatest power is to pardon or reduce convictions. The current president, Kwand, was a former legal worker and the governor of Bihar. 
As a pariah-like president, he expressed doubts about the equality of all ethnicities and castes in India. To say that the most legendary Indian President is undoubtedly the former President Kalam. He was an Indian scientist and the chief designer of Indian nuclear weapons and missiles. 
Later he was nominated for the post of President to show his respect to all Indians.
Presidential Nomination in India by the nominators


Because there is no real power, the ambitionists despise this position, which has also led many Indian presidents to be highly regarded. In fact, in addition to India, there are many countries where the president has no real power, such as Germany, Israel and other countries. Generally speaking, the presidents of the countries where the prime minister often appears on international occasions are all false duties. 
Of course, there are also the highest heads of state like Canada called the governor. Generally speaking, false presidents are highly respected people. When Israel founded the country, the famous Jewish scientist Einstein was invited to be the second president of Israel. 
However, Einstein is probably the same as the President of Israel and the United States. I just refused to understand mathematics but not politics! The German president is even more extraordinary. The people he chooses are basically white old men who resemble national idols!
Mr. Ramnath Kovind, the Pr esident of India
 It is worth mentioning that the presidents of these countries have no one to run for, because the ambitionist is unwilling to do so and has no real power. The entire population is still watching, and once they make some mistakes, they may be impeached. 
Although the president sounds beautiful, he can eat a lot of food, but who is qualified to run for president? Don't run for this position unless politicians are about to retire.


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Indian Prime Minister or PM of India Job Position

Prime Minister of India refers to the head of government of the Republic of India and is appointed and removed by the President of India.

First Prime Minister:    Jawaharlal Nehru

Current prime minister:    Narendra Modi

Definition: Means the head of government of the republic of India
Appointment and removal:    President of India

Table of Content

 

 

1. Job overview

 

    ▪ Production method

 

    ▪ Responsibility

 

2. Current Prime Minister

 

3. Successive Prime Ministers

 

 

Job Overview - Production methods

India is a parliamentary state. The President is only a symbolic head of state. The Prime Minister actually assumes all government responsibilities. The Prime Minister is the majority leader of the People’s House (lower house) of the Indian Parliament.
From India's independence in 1947 to the election of a new Prime Minister in the Indian Parliament in 2019, a total of 16 people have served as Prime Minister.

Duties and powers of Indian PM

The Indian Prime Minister has a pivotal position in the political life of the Indian country. The Indian Constitution stipulates that the Prime Minister and Minister must be members of the People's House (the lower house of parliament) or the Bundestag (the upper house of parliament).

The general reason is that the president appoints the leader of the parliamentary majority party of the people's house, or the leader of the majority parliamentary group of several party joint cabinets.

The Prime Minister has the right to recommend that the President dissolve the People's House. The central government, the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, is the highest executive body in India. It is composed of the Prime Minister, the Cabinet Minister, the Minister of State and the Deputy Minister and is collectively responsible to the People's House.

The Prime Minister answered questions from members in Parliament and made an annual government work report.
The Prime Minister has the right to nominate cabinet members, ministers, ministers of state, deputy ministers, and other key government officials.
The President is appointed on the nomination of the Prime Minister.

The President of India is the head of state and commander of the armed forces, but since the President must exercise executive powers as recommended by the Prime Minister, and the Prime Minister also leads the majority parliamentary party in Parliament, it can be said that the Prime Minister is the most powerful core figure in the Indian government.

Current prime minister

Narendra Modi is Indian Prime Minister now. Born in Gujarat, India in 1950, Hindu, Master of Political Science. He joined the Indian People's Party in 1987 and was the general secretary, national secretary and general secretary of the party's Gujarat branch. Since 2001, he has been Chief Minister of Gujarat for 13 consecutive years. In 2014, the 16th Indian People's House election led the People's Party to win more than half of its seats. Inaugurated as Prime Minister on May 26, 2014. May 25, 2019, re-appointed Prime Minister 

Successive Indian prime ministers

1. Jawaharlal Nehru August 15, 1947-May 27, 1964
Acting Prime Minister Gulzari Lal Nanda May 27, 1964-June 9, 1964
2. Lal Bahadur Shastri June 9, 1964-January 11, 1966
Acting Prime Minister Gulzari Lal Nanda January 11, 1966-January 24, 1966
3. Indira Gandhi January 24, 1966-March 24, 1977 Indian National Congress Party
4. Morarji Ranchhodji Desai March 24, 1977-July 28, 1979 People's Party
5. Chaudhury Charan Singh July 28, 1979-January 24, 1980 People's Party
6. Indira Gandhi January 14, 1980-October 31, 1984 Indian National Congress Party
7. Rajiv Gandhi October 31, 1984-December 2, 1989 Indian National Congress Party
8. Vishwanath Pratap Singh December 2, 1989-November 10, 1990 (The National Front)
9, Chandra Shekhar (November 10, 1990-June 21, 1991) Social People's Party
10. P.V. Narasimha Rao June 21, 1991-May 16, 1996
11. Atal Behari Vajpayee May 16, 1996-June 1, 1996 Bhartiya Janta Party
12. Deve Gowda June 1, 1996-April 21, 1997 United Front
13. Inder Kumar Gujral, April 21, 1997-March 19, 1998 United Front
14. Atal Bihari Vajpayee March 19, 1998-May 22, 2004 In Bhartiya Janta Party
15. Manmohan Singh May 22, 2004-May 26, 2014
16. Narendra Modi May 26, 2014-Present Bhartiya Janta Party

Indian Prime Ministers List Chart

Due to the different national systems (political systems) of different countries

In some countries, a presidential democratic republic is implemented. The president is both the head of state and the head of government. In this way, the president has the executive power of the country and is the person in power. (USA, South Africa, South Korea)
In other countries, parliamentary democratic republics are implemented. In these countries, the president is only the head of state, and is usually a courtesy. (Germany, India, Greece)
There are also some countries that have a constitutional monarchy. In such countries, the monarch is the head of state, but the head of government is in the hands of the Prime Minister (Prime Minister) of the Cabinet. Therefore, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet has more power than the monarch. (UK, Japan, Thailand).

Indian media: India's prime minister promises to retain more positions for senior caste poor
The ruling party in India is pushing for a bill to make employment more accessible to poorer, high-caste people. Opponents, however, question that there is no commitment to create new jobs, but political tactics.

CNN reported on the 9th that a bill supported by India's ruling party, the People's Party, was passed in India's lower house. This bill will amend the national constitution to make "lower-level citizens" eligible for employment quotas.

CNN said that according to India's affirmative action system, the Indian government had previously reserved 50% of government and educational institutions to people with low castes, or "socially and educationally backward" people. If the new amendment is passed, it will retain another 10% of jobs for lower-income people in higher castes. At present, the bill was passed in the lower house on the 9th, but it still needs the approval of the upper house to take effect.

Regarding the passage of the bill in the House of Commons, Indian Prime Minister Modi tweeted: "We are firmly committed to the principle of 'united and common development' (Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas)." CNN explained, The principle Modi said was the slogan of the People's Party. Modi also wrote: "We work hard to ensure that every poor person, regardless of caste or belief, can lead a dignified life and have every opportunity possible.

CNN said that in the 2014 election, Modi had promised to provide millions of new positions. Critics believe Modi has so far failed to deliver on that promise. The amendments have been viewed by critics as a repackaging of their image a few months before the election in India.

Members of India’s main opposition party, the Congress Party, said the bill did not actually create new jobs. The congressional spokesman told reporters: "If new jobs are not created, then a commitment to retain employment quotas may just be another false promise to fulfill the promises made during the campaign."

The well-known Indian political critic Shekhar Gupta also believes that the bill proposed by the People's Party is a "cynic and desperate strategy", which means that the People's Party leadership has been more nervous about elections than people have Imagine.

Prime Monisters of the Great Country India known as Bharat Mata


The Hindu, one of India's leading newspapers, also published an editorial criticizing the BJP, saying it used a system designed to correct historical errors as a political tool. The article said: "Previously, quotas were reserved to eliminate historical injustice and social exclusion, but the question is whether we should expand quotas to people who already have social and educational capital based on income alone."












See also:


Ponzi Scam


  • Offs for Indian Civil Servants
  • British PM
  • Government Service Positions Related Duties
  • Divisions US Government Agencies Job
  • TopVacancies in Canada
  • Levels of US Government Job Officials
  • Top Jobs in Canada this Season
  • How to Become Civil Servant in Canada 





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The 10 levels of U.S. Government Job Officials?

According to the OPM policy rules, the federal civil service rank is divided into three levels: General Directory (GS), Senior Administrative Directory (SES) / Administrative Level (SL), and Administrative Directory (ES).
The administrative directory has the highest level, which is divided into 5 levels: the first level of the administrative directory has 21: 15 heads of the federal administration, and the other 6 are U.S. trade representatives, director of the budget management office, director of the national drug control policy office, and national intelligence director, chairman of the Federal Reserve System. 

The salary of the first-level administrative directory official in 2008 was $ 191,300.

 The second-level administrative directory is mainly the deputy heads of various administrative departments, the head of the military service of the Ministry of Defense, and the chiefs of important independent agencies (such as the chief of the Central Intelligence Agency). The heads of the administrative agencies (such as the Director of Federal Aviation of the Department of Transportation). In 2008, the salaries of level 2 administrative directory officials were $ 172,200. The level 3 administrative directories are mainly subordinate heads of the administrative department (such as the chief prosecutor of the United States), etc.

Leaders of important independent agencies (such as the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission), heads of subordinate important administrative agencies (such as the director of the Federal Investigation Department of the Department of Justice).

In 2008, the salaries of Level 3 administrative directory officials were $ 158,500. Level 4 and 5 administrative directories Officials and so on, the rank is relatively lower.
The assistant ministers and chief inspectors of various ministries are mostly 4 levels of administrative directories, and their salary in 2008 was $ 149,000. Level 5 administrative directories are lower-level officials. Most of the deputy heads of important independent agencies (such as the deputy director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) belong to this category. The salary in 2008 was $ 139,600.

Under the administrative directory, there is the senior administrative directory / administrative level. These civilian ranks and salaries are slightly lower than the level 5 administrative directory. They are on par with the military officers. Those who hold technical professional positions.

The general directory is divided into 15 levels, from newly hired staff to middle managers. This level of the 16/17/18 general directory has been replaced by the high-level administrative directory. Most federal civil servants belong to this level.

The following is a rough comparison of the federal civilian civil service ranks with the U.S. military ranks:

SES / SL <-> Admiral (O-10), Lieutenant General (O-9), Major General (O-8), Brigadier General (O-7)
Level 15 General Catalog (GS-15), Level 14 General Catalog (GS-14) <-> Colonel (O-6)
Class 13 General Catalog (GS-13) <-> Lieutenant Colonel (O-5)
Class 12 General Catalog (GS-12), Class 11 General Catalog (GS-11) <-> Major (O-4)
Class 10 General Catalog (GS-10) <-> Captain (O-3)
Class 9 General Catalog (GS-9)
 Class 8 General Catalog (GS-8) <-> Lieutenant (O-2)
Level 7 General Catalog (GS-9) <-> Ensign (O-1)
Class 6 General Catalog (GS-6)
 Class 5 General Catalog (GS-5) <-> 9/8/7 Sergeant (E-9 / E-8 / E-7)
Level 4 General Directory (GS-4) - Level 1 General Directory (GS-1) <-> 6/5/4 Sergeant (E-6 / E-5 / E-4)3/2/1 Soldier (E-3 / E-2 / E-1)
It should be noted that the President and Vice President are elected officials, and therefore do not belong to federal civil servants. The US State Department implements the rank of diplomat, which is different from ordinary public affairs and will be introduced later. In addition, some federal civil servant positions require Requires certain academic qualifications. Even if they are newly hired for the federal government, they do not start with GS-1. For example, FBI agents must hold a four-year college degree, and they belong to the GS-10 level from the beginning of their work, already. 
Therefore, the ten-level officials of the US government are equivalent to China's deputy section chief positions.
US Govt Officials Levels Grade or Cadre
U.S. officials above the tenth level can be said to be all officials except grass-roots civil servants. Ten levels is basically the lowest official level, it may be the mayor of a small town, the mayor of a small city. Like the county head (county head), governor, that's all local senior officials.

(107th) The Senate has more than 20 standing and special committees, including:

  1. Rules and administrative committees
  2. Appropriation committees
  3.  Agriculture, nutrition and forestry committees
  4.  Military committees
  5.  Banking, housing and urban affairs committees
  6.  Budget committees
  7.  Business, Science and Transportation Committee
  8.  Energy and Natural Resources Committee
  9.  Environment and Public Works Committee
  10.  Finance Committee
  11. External Relations Committee
  12. Government Affairs Committee
  13.  Judicial Committee
  14.  Labor and Human Resources Committee
  15.  Special Committee on Ethical Standards
  16.  Indian Affairs Committee
  17.  Intelligence Committee
  18.  Small Business Council, 
  19. Special Committee on Older Persons, 
  20. Veterans Affairs Committee, and more

United States of America Government Jobs Information

The House of Representatives also has more than 20 standing committees and special committees, which include:


  •  Government Reform and Supervision Committee
  •  Agriculture Committee; Appropriation Committee
  •  National Security Committee
  •  Banking and Financial Institutions Committee
  •  Budget Committee
  •  Economic and Educational Opportunities Committee
  •  Business Committee
  •  International Relations Committee
  •  House of Representatives Supervision Committee
  •  Judicial Committee
  •  Resource Committee
  •  Transportation and Infrastructure Committee
  •  Procedure Committee
  •  Scientific Committee
  •  Special Intelligence Committee
  •  Small Business Committee
  •  Veterans Affairs Committee
  •  Official Code of Conduct Committee
  •  Fundraising Committee, etc.
Officials of the US Government

In addition, the Senate and the House of Representatives also have four joint committees, namely the Economic Committee, the Library Committee, the Printing Committee and the Taxation Committee.





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