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Studying in the United States: Introduction to Liberal Arts Major Application and School Ranking

In recent years, with the needs of personal development, the proportion of liberal arts students in applying for American colleges and universities has increased. During the application process, education, media, public management and public policy, economics, law and other majors are all popular majors. Liberal arts students studying in the United States can now not only improve their own competitiveness, but can also be recognized in all aspects.

 

US Secondary College

American liberal arts graduate students are generally offered under secondary colleges such as liberal arts colleges, public administration colleges, media colleges, education colleges, law schools, and psychology colleges according to different majors. The length of master's courses is generally 1-2 years, and most schools The flexible credit system is adopted.

 Generally, 30-36 credits are required to complete degree-required courses, and some schools may require more than 40 credits. Tuition fees generally range from 30,000 to 60,000 US dollars. The doctoral program generally has a relatively long academic system. 

This is very different from that in China. In the United States, it takes at least 4 years from admission to obtaining a doctorate. Some people may take more than 7 years, and the tuition will generally be between 120,000 and 160,000 US dollars. 

 The long school system is destined to have relatively high learning and living costs, so it needs the support of scholarships.

 

Generally speaking, master application has the following requirements:

Language: Because liberal arts studies have always had high language requirements, and the differences in language and culture are involved, the language requirements for international students in American liberal arts applications are generally very high. 

Among them, the media majors of Columbia University and the University of Southern California are even for applicants List the TOEFL 114 high standard.

 At the same time, most American liberal arts schools are concentrated in the TOP50 colleges and universities, so the language requirements are raised in disguise. 

For applicants applying for American liberal arts, it is recommended to focus on the Verbal part of TOEFL and GRE, hoping to achieve at least a TOEFL score of 100 plus a GRE Verbal score of 155 or more.

Grade point: Generally, the average score of applicants is above 3.0. For relatively popular majors such as law and media, or majors such as international relations and political science, which are mostly American students, it is hoped that applicants' grade points can reach 3.5 or more.

Professional background: American liberal arts professional applications have different professional background requirements for applicants. Among them, media, education and other majors do not require high professional background.

Law, international relations, political science, etc. require students with relevant professional backgrounds to apply for majors.

Soft background

 The master's degree in American liberal arts is more practical. Therefore, soft background requirements generally focus on the accumulation of background internships, such as law firms that require legal majors, media companies that require media majors, etc.

 Applicants are advised to prepare as soon as possible. If they have two or more internship experiences, it will play a very important role in the application of liberal arts majors.

In terms of school selection, you can refer to: 2017 USNews American University Rankings of TOP10 Eight Liberal Arts Majors

 

Legal professional ranking

 1. Harvard University

 2. Yale University

 3. New York University

 4. Stanford University

 5. University of California, Berkeley

 6. Columbia University

 7. University of Chicago

 8. Georgetown University

 9. Michigan University

 10. University of Pennsylvania.

 

Politics and International Relations Professional Ranking: 

1. Harvard University

 2. Princeton University

 3. Stanford University

 4. Yale University

 5. Columbia University

 6. Johns Hopkins University

 7. Georgetown University

 8. California University of Berkeley

 9. New York University

 10. University of Chicago.

 

Journalism and Communication Professional Ranking: 

1. University of Southern California

 2. University of Wisconsin-Madison

 3. Stanford University

 4. University of Texas at Austin

 5. Michigan State University

 6. University of California, Berkeley

 7. University of Pennsylvania

 8. University of California, Los Angeles

 9. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

 10. University of Michigan.

 

Sociology professional ranking

 1. Harvard University

 2. University of California, Berkeley

 3. University of Wisconsin-Madison

 4. University of California, Los Angeles

 5. Stanford University

 6. University of Chicago

 7. Princeton University

 8. Columbia University

 9. University of Michigan

 10. Yale University.

 

Educational professional rankings: 

1. Harvard University

 2. Stanford University

 3. University of California, Los Angeles

 4. University of California, Berkeley

 5. Columbia University

 6. University of Michigan

 7. University of Wisconsin-Madison

 8. Michigan State University

 9. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

 10. Boston College.

 

Literature rankings

1. Harvard University

 2. University of California, Berkeley

 3. Yale University

 4. Stanford University

 5. Columbia University

 6. University of Chicago

 7. University of California, Los Angeles

 8. Princeton University

 9. University of Pennsylvania

 10. New York University.

 

Historical professional rankings

 1. Harvard University

 2. University of California, Berkeley

 3. Yale University

 4. Princeton University

 5. Stanford University

 6. Columbia University

 7. University of California, Los Angeles

 8. University of Wisconsin-Madison 

 9. University of Chicago

 10. Johns Hopkins University

 

Philosophy rankings

 1. New York University

 2. University of Pittsburgh

 3. Rutgers University, New Jersey

 4. Harvard University

 5. Princeton University

 6. University of California, Berkeley

 7. Stanford University

 8. Yale University

 9. University of Michigan

 10. University of Notre Dame

 

In addition, liberal arts majors in other schools are also good, so when choosing schools, friends should not recommend applying for popular colleges.

 

 

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Analysis of Public Administration Majors Studying in the United States

So far, more than 260 schools in the United States have opened MPA/MPP programs, and more than half of the top 100 universities in the United States have opened MPA programs. MPA has been called the three pillars of the development of American liberal arts graduate education along with MBA and JD. At the beginning, it only cultivated talents for the government. Now it has gradually become popular, and it also cultivates public relations talents for large and medium-sized private enterprises.

 

Table of Content

1. Introduction to the Master of Public Administration in the United States   2. Employment prospects for a master's degree in public administration in the United States   3. U.S. public administration master application requirements and suggestions   4. Analysis of key universities for master's degree in public administration in the United States

       

Introduction to the Master of Public Administration in the United States

MPA is short for Master of Public Administration (Master of Public Administration) or Master of Public Affairs (Master of Public Affairs). In countries with developed market economies in foreign countries, Master of Public Administration, Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Laws are called liberal arts The three pillars of high-level vocational graduate education.

 

Public affairs in the United States can be subdivided into: Master of Public Administration\MPA, Master of Public Affairs\MPA, Master of Public Policy MPP And Master of Public Management (MPM). Specific to each school, each school adopts a different naming method because of the different focus of teaching and research.

 

Since each school has a different emphasis on the same major, the employment of graduates is also diverse. MPA generally engages in some administrative work, MPP generally engages in policy research and analysis, one in front of the stage and one behind the stage, while MPM is generally engaged in more comprehensive management work.

 

Main course

Administrative law, management psychology, administrative management, civil service system, finance, administrative professional ability assessment, human resource development and management, introduction to social work, labor and social security, introduction to business management, introduction to sociology, etc.

 

3 characteristics of curriculum

1. For the training of both theory and practice required by senior management, change the curriculum of general research-oriented graduate courses to theory, description and introductory courses, and provide students with space to develop leadership skills.

 

2. For policy analysis methods and skills for solving complex social problems, provide qualitative, quantitative and other professional analysis tools that can only be obtained through college education, so that students can have more advanced professional qualities, have a higher level of competence, and be able to master this major Of qualitative and quantitative analysis tools.

 

3. Specialized knowledge and skills for professional fields, each student has his own choice of specialized fields to make it related to public management and public policy.

 

Employment prospects for a master's degree in public administration in the United States

The Master of Public Administration in the United States has been developed abroad for half a century. The foreign job market has been relatively mature, and the domestic demand for such majors is also beginning to increase. At present, the employment prospects for a master's degree in public administration in China are very broad.

 

Career Development

Municipal management officials, finance and budget officials, policy analysts, personnel management, project evaluators, volunteer coordinators, community planners, and economic development coordinators.

Employment prospects

Local, state, and federal government agencies, non-profit joint organizations (various associations, foundations, trade unions, etc.), think tanks or consulting companies, corporate personnel, and administrative departments are the four main institutions for MPA employment.

 

U.S. Public Administration Master Application Requirements and Suggestions

Hardware condition

TOEFL: At least 80 points, but the language proficiency requirements of the MPA major are relatively high, so if you want to apply to TOP colleges, it is best to have a TOEFL of 100.

GRE and GMAT: Students applying for the MPA major should note that many schools can use GRE or GMAT to apply, but most schools recognize the GRE test more. As for GMAT scores, more are recognized by the MPA major, but not all schools. Acknowledged, MPP majors almost always use GRE scores.

 

GPA: General schools require a minimum of 3.0. Of course, some schools have relatively low requirements, and even individual schools do not require a minimum GPA, but it is best to guarantee a minimum of 3.0, so that you can be more competitive.

 

Professional background

The American MPA major is a comprehensive major based on multidisciplinary theory and does not require too many applicants' professional background. On the contrary, American schools prefer or encourage students to have a variety of background experiences. 

However, if you have taken management, economics, and statistics related courses before enrolling, you will have a comparative advantage when applying.

Work or internship experience

Some schools offer MPA programs that require relatively high work experience. Such as Syracuse, Princeton, Harvard, CMU, etc.

 

For fresh undergraduates, long-term government or NGO-related internship experience is particularly important. 

In addition, according to the requirements of the school, it is a better choice to avoid projects with higher work experience requirements. Some MPP projects basically do not require work experience, and applicants can consider applying for these projects.

 

Analysis of key universities for master's degree in public administration in the United States

1.Harvard University

Harvard University (Harvard University), located in Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts, is a world-renowned private research university and a member of the famous Ivy League. 

There are 8 presidents of the United States of America, 157 Nobel Prize winners, 18 Fields Medal winners, and 14 Turing Prize winners. 

They have worked or studied here and have a high academic status and a wide range of Its influence is recognized as one of the top higher education institutions in the world today.

 

Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government is the cradle of cultivating elites in the public domain, and its MPA major is ranked second in the United States.

 There are three types of MPA courses, namely MPP, MPA/ID and MPA2. To apply for MPA2, you must have three years of full-time work experience. 

All three types of courses require two years of full-time study. Its teaching characteristic is to focus on the combination of basic methodology and policy research, focusing on solving practical problems, and adopting a large number of case studies.

 

2. Columbia University

Columbia University (Columbia University in the City of New York) is a world-renowned research university located in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, USA. 

It is one of the eight private Ivy League schools. A total of 82 people in the school have won the Nobel Prize. Three American presidents, including Obama, came from the school.

 

The school’s MPA major provides students with 6 professional directions: economic and political development, energy and environment, human rights, international financial and economic policy, international security policy, urban and social policy. 

Students need to take 54 credits, which usually takes 4 semesters to complete.

  

3. University of California, Berkeley

The University of California-Berkeley (University of California-Berkeley) is the top public research university in the United States and the most prestigious and top public university in the world. 

The University of California, Berkeley is the oldest university of California and one of the founding members of the Association of American Universities.

 

The length of schooling for the MPP program is 2 years. Research directions include economics, political science, law, sociology, social psychology, demography and public policy.

 

 

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Analysis of Landscape Design Majors Studying in the United States

Landscape design, also known as landscape architecture, is an art of planning and management of land, and the American landscape design profession is at the top of the education industry. In the annual American art study abroad, the number of American landscape design professions is not inferior. Majored in American architectural design.

 

Landscape Design Majors Studying in America

 

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Table of Content

1. Introduction to American Landscape Architecture   2. Employment prospects for landscape architecture professionals in the United States   3. U.S. landscape design professional application requirements and suggestions   4. Analysis of key universities in the United States for landscape architecture

 

Introduction to American Landscape Architecture

The American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) defines landscape design as the art and science of landscape analysis, planning, design, management, protection and restoration. The landscape design graduate courses in the United States focus on almost all aspects, and of course they vary from school to school.

 

Generally speaking, landscape design (also called landscape architecture) refers to the overall consideration and design of surrounding environmental elements in the process of architectural design or planning and design, including natural elements and artificial elements. 

It makes the building (group) have a corresponding relationship with the natural environment, makes it more convenient and comfortable to use, and improves its overall artistic value.

 

Landscape design is everywhere in the city. When people see the reinforced concrete urban landscape, in the suburbs, people can see the natural landscape with beautiful mountains and rivers or the cultural landscape with a bit of history. Modern landscape architects seek to achieve the goal of beautification under the premise of not destroying the natural environment. 

They need not only the ability to design and solve problems, but also the knowledge of plants and analysis of their different climates, The composition of different elements under the soil, the design of the drainage system in different periods of sunshine, etc.

 

Postgraduate work often takes place outdoors, and students learn about various environments such as botanical gardens, playgrounds, cemeteries and squares. Classroom learning theory, history, applied ecology and construction technology, everything that professionals need to learn.

 

Degree setting

1. Master's degree in professional career-oriented landscape design

 

Professional Degree (MLA I): The academic system is 3 years. If the applicant's professional background is a non-landscape design or related major, the school generally encourages students to apply for a 3-year landscape design major. The first year is used to lay the foundation.

 

Post-Professional Degree (MLA II): The length of schooling is 2 years. If the applicant's professional background is landscape design and the curriculum is roughly the same as the major, you can directly apply for the 2-year course.

 

2. Master's degree in theoretical research-oriented landscape design

Master of Science (MS): The schooling system is one year, suitable for applicants who want to study and research landscape design related theory in the future

 

Employment prospects for landscape architecture professionals in the United States

The scope of landscape architects to solve problems is very broad. It includes almost all fields involved in architects, urban planners and managers, and is responsible for coordinating the relationship between various elements, integrating them and improving them to achieve human and nature. 

The best balance between. The client range of landscape architects includes almost everything from private owners to regional developers to the federal government. Because of the wide range of knowledge and skills of landscape architects and problem-solving, the demand for landscape architects in the United States and Canada is increasing. 

 

Nowadays, people's attention to the environment is not only to meet the needs of life, but to pay more attention to environmental construction in the ecological sense and sustainable urban construction. 

Therefore, in the future social development, landscape design will assume more important responsibilities with its ability to solve this problem.

 

The future development of landscape design mainly presents the following trends: the focus on the countryside attracts landscape architects to the protection of agricultural land, the revival of small towns, the protection of agricultural landscapes, and the development and protection of energy.

 Land restoration will become an important area for landscape architects. 

The development of computer technology will open up new areas of computer design and at the same time open the way for a wider range of landscape design, such as the national ecological protection plan, regional landscape planning, etc. 

The indoor and outdoor environment design and pedestrian street design undertaken by Landscape Design are applied in the commercial development plan. 

The names of landscape design companies appear in the various signs of commercial development in the United States. Many people seek professional skills and services in landscape design. 

The landscape design major will cooperate more extensively with other majors, whether in the urban or rural areas, all majors are required to blend and develop together to create an ecological city.

 

Occupational scope: 　　　

• City planning
• Residential area planning
• Urban park design
• City square and pedestrian street design
• Waterfront design
• Planning and design of campuses, social institutions and corporate parks
• Tourism and recreation area design
• Design and management of national parks
• Landscape and regional planning and natural landscape reconstruction
• Cemetery design

 

 

U.S. landscape design professional application conditions and suggestions

Hardware score

Architecture (landscape design) majors require applicants to have a TOEFL score of about 90, and most of the prestigious schools require a score of 100 or more, but there are special cases, such as Cornell University, whose TOEFL requirement is only 77. 

At the same time, most schools Applicants are required to have a GPA score of 3.0 (4.0 full score) or higher. Most prestigious schools require more than 3.3. 

Some schools have higher requirements, such as the University of Texas at Austin. The average GPA of applicants is as high as 3.7, and the GPA is average. Applicants can consider the University of Colorado Denver, etc., whose GPA requirement is only 2.5.

 

Soft background

Most of the undergraduate majors of architecture (landscape design) majors are architectural design, urban planning, landscape design and other majors.

 

Portfolio

Students applying for architecture (landscape design) majors need to provide portfolios. Although each school has special requirements for portfolios, in general, the school focuses on the actual professional quality, that is, the quality of the work.

 Normally, the school will require applicants to submit 15-25 pieces of works. Students should carefully organize these works and make them into a more gorgeous collection, and write a paragraph of explanatory text for each work.

 

Analysis of Key Colleges of Landscape Architecture in the United States

1.Harvard University

Harvard University (Harvard University), located in Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts, is a world-renowned private research university and a member of the famous Ivy League. 

There are 8 presidents of the United States of America, 157 Nobel Prize winners, 18 Fields Medal winners, and 14 Turing Prize winners.

 They have worked or studied here and have a high academic status and a wide range of Its influence is recognized as one of the top higher education institutions in the world today.

 

The Master of Landscape at Harvard University has four branches: 

1) Master in Landscape Architecture I

 2) Master in Landscape Architecture II

 3) Master in Landscape Architecture I AP

 4) Master of Landscape Architecture in Urban Design

2. Cornell University

Cornell University (Cornell University) is a world-renowned research comprehensive private university located in New York, USA. He is also a member of the famous Ivy League. More than 40 teachers and students have won the Nobel Prize.

 

Cornell University Landscape Architecture: The purpose of the Master of Landscape Architecture Degree is to teach the theoretical foundation of the landscape architecture field, while establishing the necessary skills to face this challenging profession.

 This project includes design studio courses, technical courses and computer software application skills, as well as intensive research in students' personal areas of interest. Master of Professional Studies in Landscape Architecture is a degree that is interested in improving students' career choices by pursuing timely and innovative topics related to planning, design, and management of nature and the built environment. 

It is suitable for those who pursue their own career choices within a certain period of time, and Improve innovation in planning, design or natural environment management and construction.

 This project course is completed within one year, and the course includes the problem solving and independent research of participating teachers/projects.

 

3. University of Georgia

The University of Georgia was founded in 1785 and has a long history. The first president and a member of the school board participated in the drafting and signing of the US Declaration of Independence. 

As the birthplace of public higher education in the United States, the University of Georgia is also the first public university in the United States, consisting of 14 colleges and 1 research institute.

 

Conclusion

Master of Landscape Architecture According to the education and professional background of the students, it usually takes one to three years to complete the project. Students with a three-year academic system have added some solid liberal arts and art courses, while students with a design degree need two or one year to complete the degree.

 

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