Abstract: With the rapid development of agricultural information intelligence, the traditional mode of relying on the sky for food has evolved into a new agricultural mode in which intelligent equipment monitors the production process and performs automatic regulation. How to process the data collected by these smart devices, especially the image data, extract useful information from it, and combine it with the actual production control measures, so as to promote the efficient and rapid operation of agricultural production, of great significance. 

This study applies image processing and machine learning to automatic disease identification and leaf age detection of rice, which is more efficient and accurate than traditional manual identification and diagnosis methods. 

The main contents include: First, the basic theories of machine learning algorithms and image processing are introduced, and corresponding theoretical guidance and technical solutions are provided for the subsequent research on disease identification algorithms and leaf age diagnosis algorithms. 

Then, in the research on the algorithm of rice disease identification, the machine learning method is used for rice disease identification. This paper mainly studies three common diseases of rice, namely rice blast, bacterial blight and bacterial leaf spot. 

The specific contents include: First, preprocess the rice disease images, then segment the rice disease spots, and establish the corresponding rice disease image set. 

Then, according to the pathological external manifestations of different lesions, multiple features were extracted, and the extracted features were optimized by principal component analysis. 

Afterwards, BP neural network and support vector machine were used to establish models, and the optimized features were classified and tested, and the BP neural network with higher recognition accuracy was selected as the final classification model. 

Finally, the improvement of the BP classification model is proposed, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the initial selection process of the weights and thresholds in the BP algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved GA-BP algorithm is feasible and improves the accuracy of disease identification. 

Then, in the research of the algorithm for diagnosing the leaf age of rice, the traditional image processing method was used to extract the veins of the rice leaves. 

The judgment method is used to extract the rice leaf veins, and the improved leaf vein extraction algorithm can successfully extract the main leaf veins of rice. And the algorithm was used to verify the diseased rice leaves and the disease-free rice leaves respectively, and the algorithm extraction effect was good. At the same time, based on the algorithm, combined with the leaf vein bias method, the leaf age diagnosis was realized through practical tests. 

Finally, combined with the results of rice disease identification and rice leaf age diagnosis, on the basis of identifying diseases, taking leaf age diagnosis technology as the core, aiming at different diseases, and then taking corresponding management measures to paddy fields according to different leaf age stages in time to carry out Smart regulation of rice in cold regions.

 

Chinese Abstract: With the improvement of computing power of computers and chips, research in the field of artificial intelligence has re-emerged. Among them, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used in image recognition in various fields, and is gradually becoming more and more mobile and embedded.

Rice disease detection has always been the primary problem in plant disease detection. How to accurately and efficiently detect rice diseases and improve rice yield is a hot issue in agriculture. 

Based on artificial intelligence theory, the rice disease detection system is studied. The system is mainly designed from three parts: image acquisition, temperature and humidity acquisition, and disease detection model. 

The ARM is used as the main control unit of the embedded platform to realize the image acquisition of rice disease spots and the detection of environmental temperature and humidity. The collected images are used as the input of the detection model to complete the offline detection of rice diseases, and the diagnosis is assisted by environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity. 

Model design on the PC, build the TensorFlow deep learning framework, complete the design and training of the rice disease detection model through the convolutional neural network, and transplant the optimized model to the embedded terminal to realize the detection and recognition function of the terminal. 

The test shows that the rice disease detection system can complete the basic functions. The image acquisition rate is 25 frames per second, and the resolution of the acquired disease spot image is 640×480. The humidity range measured by the system is 0-99.9% RH, and the temperature range is -40-80℃. Through test verification, the average accuracy of disease identification is 96%.

How to raise economic benefits for professional chicken raising households?

 

1. Selection of fine breeds

In chicken production, improved breeds are the basis for improving commodity rates, reducing production costs and improving economic benefits. 

Professional households should determine whether to raise broiler or laying hens according to the local market supply and demand and their own conditions, and which breed to choose.

 

2. Choose a good chicken

The quality of chicks is the basic factor to obtain better chicken raising benefits. Chicken farmers must choose young chickens provided by breeder farms with good reputation, certain production scale and high technical level, and drink water with 0.01% concentration of enrofloxacin hydrochloride at the first week of age to eliminate Salmonella, mold and mildew. 

Plasma and other pathogenic microorganisms, and do a good job in disinfection, isolation and epidemic prevention at the same time.

 

3. Self-prepared feed

Professional households can formulate full-price compound feeds that meet the needs of different physiological stages of chickens according to the feeding standards, or formulate their own formulas according to the formula provided by technicians, which generally reduces the cost of feed per 100 kg by 10 to 20 yuan.

 

4. Add yeast

Appropriately add high-quality yeast feed to reduce the amount of imported fish meal added to the feed. 

Generally, the nutritional value of each kilogram of active yeast powder is not less than 1 kilogram of imported fish meal, and it is about 1.6 yuan cheaper per kilogram. 

For example, the "Anying" brand "ESB probiotic yeast powder" produced by Xuzhou Anying Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. can greatly enhance the digestive ability of the stomach and the liver's disease resistance and immunity after the chicken eats it, and quickly improve the conversion rate of protein feed. 

Increase the egg production rate and effectively reconcile the survival of cells in the chicken, thereby significantly improving the economic benefits of raising chickens.

 

5. Improve feeding equipment and reduce feed consumption

i. Improve the design of the trough According to the age of the chickens, choose the appropriate size trough with eaves, and the height of the trough should be 2 cm higher than the back of the chicken. 

ii. Change from flat to cage The flat rearing method occupies a lot of houses, and the feed is wasted seriously. Cage chickens live in cages, with less activity and less material consumption. 

iii. The temperature of the chicken house should be moderate It is necessary to keep warm and cold in winter, and to prevent heatstroke in summer, especially in winter, the temperature of the chicken house should not be lower than 10 ℃. 

If the ambient temperature is too low, the chicken body should produce more heat to maintain body temperature, so the consumption of feed is high and the feed payment is low.

 

6. Disease control

1. Antibody monitoring Conditional chicken farmers should carry out antibody monitoring, so as to ensure timely vaccination and the quality of immunity.

 

2. Strictly grasp the quality of vaccines Purchase vaccines from vaccine production and supply units with reliable quality. Strictly prevent vaccine production and supply units from purchasing vaccines. Strictly prevent the confusion of vaccines, otherwise the antibodies will be unstable, and repeated immunizations will be required.

 

3. Strictly follow the immunization program A strict and scientific immunization plan should be formulated according to the actual situation, and the prevention and control of chicken Marek's disease, chicken Newcastle disease, chicken Gan Paul's disease, chicken cholera and chicken pox should be done well.

 

4. Add antibiotics to the diet to prevent infection Such as antibiotics or sulfonamides, the prevention of diarrheal diseases (such as pullorum) is effective, but attention should be paid to the dosage and stirring, and the feeding time should not be too long.

 

5. Strengthen the preservation of feed to prevent diseases caused by mildew of feed.

 

7. Feeding and management

1. Regularly disinfect the chicken coop and environment to keep the chicken coop dry and hygienic. 

Regular deworming, free-range chickens are generally dewormed once a week, and broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, and low-toxic deworming drugs are used.

 

2. Eliminate the rooster in time. During the brooding stage, males

 

The chick consumes about 25% more feed than the mother chick. If it is not eliminated in time, it will not only consume a lot of material, but also occupy a lot of feeding area, and it will also affect the normal growth and development of the hen, so it is best to eliminate it when the chicks are just hatched. 

The male-female ratio of breeder flocks should be appropriate. The male-female ratio of egg breeders and broiler breeders should be 1:15-20 and 1:10-14 respectively. 

If artificial insemination technology is used, the ratio of male to female can be increased to 1:30 to 50, thereby reducing material consumption.

 

3. Pay attention to the observation of the flocks, and promptly eliminate sick or low-yielding chickens. In general, these chickens account for 5% to 8% of the total, and as many as 11%, they should be discovered and eliminated in time.

 

4. Provide proper lighting. The suitable light time for laying hens is 16 hours. For free-range laying hens, add half an hour to 16 hours of light per week from 18 weeks of age. The power of the bulb is 2.7 to 3 watts per square meter (in practical applications, the lamp height is usually 2 meters, and the lamp distance is about 3 meters). 

Pay attention to turn on and off the lights on time, and keep the lighting hours and brightness constant.

 

5. Timely beak cutting can not only prevent flock beak addiction, but also effectively reduce feed waste. Beak cutting and beak trimming time were 6-9 days and 12-17 weeks, respectively.

 

6. The "all-in-all-out" feeding management system is adopted to facilitate disinfection, disease prevention and scientific management.

 

8. Group feeding

Group feeding is one of the important measures for chicken production. As a feeding and management unit, a suitable group should be adapted to its own facilities, feed and technical measures. The flock of broiler chickens should not be too large. 

Generally, a group of about 400 chickens should be grouped, and the group should be divided into strong and weak groups from time to time. Stocking density of 10 to 15 per square meter is more appropriate. 

Breeding male and female hens in groups is not only conducive to the growth and development of hens, improving uniformity and commodity rate, but also better adapting to the market. 

The rooster group grows fast and has a large body weight. It can be slaughtered 7-10 days earlier, and the hens can be slaughtered later. Selling it as a whole chicken for cooking and eating can significantly improve economic benefits.

 

9. Selling at a high price

The market price of broilers at the time of slaughtering has a great impact on the economic benefits of raising broilers. Therefore, breeders should always understand market information, and determine the time and quantity of chickens according to the local chicken seedlings and the demand for feather chickens. 

When you are rushing up, you should raise less or not. When everyone stops raising, you should raise more, so that you can get great benefits. But be careful not to blindly wait for the price to rise to prolong the age of the flock, which is not cost-effective, because after 8 weeks of age, the feed return of broilers decreases, the mortality rate is high, and the overweight may not be easy to sell. Therefore, according to the market conditions and your own actual situation, you should be listed on the market in a timely manner.

 

10. Reduce expenses

Farmers need to keep their chickens simple and simple. They don’t need to build reinforced concrete houses. They can use plastic greenhouses with less investment. 

The use of water, electricity and drugs should be reasonable, and various appliances and equipment should be maintained to prolong their service life, reduce unnecessary waste, and do everything possible to reduce the cost of raising chickens, thereby improving economic benefits.

See also:

Feed of Commercial Broiler Chicken

Broiler Body Weight

 

What is New Policy on Immigration to Lithuania for 2021-2022?

The Republic of Lithuania, referred to as Lithuania for short, is located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, together with Latvia and Estonia in the north, and is also known as the three Baltic countries.

Lithuania is an ancient country with a glorious civilization. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was established in 1240, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was jointly established with the Kingdom of Poland in 1569, becoming one of the European powers.

 

On March 11, 1990, Lithuania declared its independence from the Soviet Union. Joined NATO on March 29, 2004, and joined the European Union on May 1 of the same year. On January 1, 2015, Lithuania became the 19th member of the euro area, which coincided with the 15th anniversary of the birth of the euro.

 

Lithuania is a developed capitalist country with a GDP of 42.8 billion US dollars in 2011, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%, and a per capita GDP of about 13,253 US dollars. Food processing, wood processing, transportation and logistics, biotechnology, and laser technology are the dominant industries in Lithuania.

 

What are the benefits of migrating to Lithuania?

Lithuanian Immigration Benefits:

1) Travel convenience: passports can be visa-free for more than 170 countries and regions including the United States, Canada, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, all European Union and Schengen countries

 

2) The application conditions are simple: no education, no language, no bank deposit and other requirements, no immigration supervision

 

3) Short processing time: 8-10 months to obtain EU passport

 

4) EU citizens: In addition to enjoying various benefits in Lithuania, they can also freely migrate to other EU countries to settle, live, work, study, etc.

 

5) Fingerprints can be collected in your country without logging in to avoid epidemic risks, etc.

 

 

 

How to migrate to Lithuania?

 

Naturalization

 

Application conditions:

 

1) Over 18 years old

 

2) No criminal record

 

Application Processing cycle:

8-10 months from the date when the down payment is to be paid and the documents are ready.

 

Required materials:

1) Scanned copy of the applicant's passport

 

2) Scanned copy of the applicant's Chinese resident ID card (both sides)

 

3) The applicant's passport size color photo (within 6 months, white background, electronic version)

 

4) Scanned copy of notarial certificate of no criminal record (Chinese and English)

 

5) Scanned copy of notarized birth certificate (Chinese and English)

 

6) The electronic version of the applicant's ten fingerprints 

 

 

Visa-free US, Lithuania Express Passport project  

Lithuania is located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east, Poland to the south, and the Baltic Sea and the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast to the west. 

The total length of the national border is 1,644 kilometers, and the coastline is 90 kilometers long. It is a transitional climate from oceanic to continental. The highest point is 293.6 meters above sea level. The average temperature in January is -1°C, and the average temperature in July is 19°C. With a land area of ​​65,300 square kilometers, it is also the largest country in the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania).

The total population of Lithuania is about 2.8 million (2020 data), of which about 80% are native Lithuanians. 

The largest groups of the foreign diaspora population are Poles, Russians and Belarusians.

 

The official language of Lithuania is Lithuanian. But Russian, Polish and Ukrainian are the most common types of foreign languages ​​in the country.

 

It officially broke away from the Soviet Union on September 6, 1991, and joined the United Nations on September 17. Joined the European Union in 2004.

 

On December 21, 2007, another historic day, nine then-new EU member states, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, finally officially joined the ranks of the Schengen countries.

 

Lithuania officially joined the euro zone on January 1, 2015, becoming the 19th member of the euro zone after its Baltic neighbors Estonia and Latvia.

 

Lithuania is a moderately developed country and joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2018.

Citizens of Lithuania and other US Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries can apply to travel to the United States without a visa if they are planning a short-term business or leisure trip. VWP affects all territories of the United States of America, including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands. 

Using a private service to apply for travel authorization through ESTA™ will not speed up the granting of authorization. 

VWP travelers should be aware that unauthorized third parties have created websites, charging visitors seeking to travel to the United States under the VWP, to obtain information about ESTA™ and to submit an ESTA™ application to DHS on behalf of the traveler the body. These companies and websites are not endorsed, affiliated, or connected in any way with DHS or the United States Government. 

Apply for a US visa if:

• YOU ARE NOT A U.S. CITIZEN. that you do not have an expired or expired US Permanent Resident Authorization Card, Form I-551 
• You hold a Lithuanian citizen's passport issued after August 28, 2006 (citizens of other VWP countries, please refer to the website https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/tourism- visit/visa-waiver-program.html for information on passport requirements)
• You have no criminal record
• You have a different travel purpose, for example, study, temporary work, work on a ship, immigration, etc.
•  You do not meet the conditions to travel without a visa or the ESTA (Electronic System for Travel Authorization) application is rejected.
•  You have not been denied a visa or admission to the United States in the past;
•  You have not violated the terms of the VWP on your first visit or have been deported from the United States in the past
•  The purpose of your trip is tourism, friends/relatives or business meetings
•  You are planning a short trip not exceeding 90 days (return ticket must be presented upon arrival)
• Travelers who hold dual citizenship in the United States must use a US passport to enter and exit the United States. Requirements for applying for visa-free travel

 You must enter the United States by air or sea on an approved vessel. VWP allows people from Mexico and Canada to come to the Port of Land (POE) - ESTA registration is not necessary, but travelers must meet the requirements for visa-free travel (click here). They will fill out the I-94W Entry/Exit Form and pay a $6 fee at the US port.

 

Where to Request your ESTA travel authorization?

Request your ESTA travel authorization: https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/

 All new ESTA applications are subject to an ESTA application fee of USD 14 payable by credit card. All answers given in your ESTA application must be true and correct to the best of your knowledge. Where misrepresentations are found (i.e. for previous criminal records, visa denials, deportation to the United States), the ESTA approval received may be revoked and denied. This may result in denial of admission to the United States at the port.

 Please print the page showing your ESTA number and approval status, if your application is approved. Flight agents may ask you to provide it before check-in.

 Unless cancelled, an ESTA authorization is valid for repeated use for two years from the date of authorization or until your passport expires, whichever comes first. 

Update your travel information and check expiration dates every time you plan a trip.

 If you have any questions about your ESTA registration, you can call +1 202 344 3710 (Business days 7:30 am to 5:00 pm EST/EST) or email US Customs and Border Protection Information Center. 

 

What is the Investment Environment in Lithuania?

Lithuania has obvious geographical advantages and can radiate to the diversified market of 700 million people in Northern Europe, Western Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. 

The Lithuanian government takes attracting foreign investment, creating jobs and promoting growth as its policy direction, and continuously improves the investment environment. 

In 2017, it expanded the tax incentives of the free economic zone; revised the labor law, relaxed employment relations, and reduced the burden on employers; introduced loose policies, vigorously Promote the development of the financial technology industry.

Lithuania has established 6 free economic zones, 4 industrial parks, 5 science and technology parks, and 1 technology center in major economic regions of the country. 

A series of tax incentives and other software and hardware conditions have attracted enterprises to invest in entrepreneurship.

 

According to the "2020 Global Doing Business Report" released by the World Bank, Lithuania ranks 11th in terms of ease of doing business among 190 economies in the world. 

According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2019/2020, Lithuania ranks 39th among the most competitive countries and regions in the world.

 

The income of local people is not high compared to developed countries in Europe. For example, the per capita salary in the capital Vilnius is around 1,050 euros per month (2021 data), which is equivalent to about 8,400 yuan in RMB, and the minimum wage is 600 euros (about 4,800 yuan). A meal usually costs around 7 euros.

 

What is the Lithuanian Living Environment?

Lithuania is like a crystal clear European gem, with vast forests and lakes, beautiful coastlines, lovely buildings and stunning landscapes.

At the same time, Lithuania is a Christian country, and the architecture of this country also depicts Lithuania's religion, culture and history, and small towns also retain many traditional wooden houses.

It is also a country suitable for tourism. The capital Vilnius has beautiful lakes, forests, hills and castles for tourists to visit. It is a charming European city.

 

The climate in Lithuania is relatively mild, with average temperatures around 20 degrees Celsius in summer and sub-zero temperatures and frequent snowfalls in winter. 

The main benefit of the country is its good natural environment and abundant natural resources.

 

Lithuania's one-step passport project (for consultation, please see your personal profile or private message, more information is available on the public account HDO Overseas Station)

 

Project Benefits:

1) Authenticity of the project: All the documents applied for are directly issued by the Lithuanian government

 

2) Safe and reliable: The applicant participates in the whole process, and can log in to Lithuania to go through the formalities, and can also collect fingerprints in China without logging in to avoid the risk of the epidemic

 

3) Simple procedures: just provide basic information, no investment, no professional restrictions, no educational requirements

 

4) Free passage: passports are visa-free for as many as 180+ countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand

 

5) Fast processing: the processing cycle only takes 8-10 months

 

6) Reasonable asset allocation: overseas accounts can be opened, and assets can be reasonably planned

 

7) Free movement to the EU: You can live and work freely in the 27 EU member states

 

Which are Lithuanian passport visa-free countries?

Lithuania is visa-free to 181 countries and regions, ranking 8th in the world. Visa-free for Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan for 90 days, Japan, South Korea, Singapore for 90 days, and even electronic visa for the United States, Australia for 90 days, and electronic visa for Canada for 6 months. It can be described as a passport to travel around the world.

 

Gemalto provides electronic ID cards for Lithuania

A global leader in digital security, announced that Gemalto has been commissioned by the Lithuanian Ministry of the Interior to deliver 900,000 electronic ID cards to Lithuania using Sealys laser security technology. 

Gemalto e-ID cards are made of polycarbonate material and all personal data is laser etched into the card to ensure the highest level of security and longest lifespan.

Citizens over the age of 16 must hold a national ID card, which also serves as a travel document in EU countries. National card issuance began on January 5, 2009.

 

Gemalto (Euronext NL0000400653 GTO), a global leader in digital security, announced that Gemalto has been commissioned by the Lithuanian Ministry of the Interior* to deliver 900,000 electronic ID cards to Lithuania using Sealys laser security technology. Gemalto e-ID cards are made of polycarbonate material and all personal data is laser etched into the card to ensure the highest level of security and longest lifespan. 

Citizens over the age of 16 must hold a national ID card, which also serves as a travel document in EU countries. 

National card issuance began on January 5, 2009. Gemalto delivers the card to local partner Lodvila. The Lithuanian security printing company is the prime contractor for the project.

 

The ID card is the same size as a credit card and uses contactless technology specifically to allow authentication based on fingerprints at border checks. 

The ID card also embeds a contact microprocessor, which contains an online ID card and a certificate of conformity for signing official electronic documents such as agreements and declarations.

 

Lithuania decided to deploy this national ID card to allow citizens to travel freely within EU member states and enjoy the convenience of Lithuania and EU e-government services. 

With this electronic ID, Lithuania is moving towards the implementation of the European Citizen Card standard

 

Take the first step

Mr. Raimundas Palaitis, Minister of the Interior of Lithuania, commented, "Gemalto's digital security technology can effectively protect the card and the data contained in the card. 

This new generation of ID cards will bring more and more convenient public services to the citizens of Lithuania. 

Smart cards give Our citizens provide new opportunities and facilitate the rapid growth of online services, including public online services."

 

Jacques Seneca, Executive Vice President of Gemalto's Corporate Security Division, added, "This contact and contactless card is a world first as it combines a high-security ID card with a biometric travel document. 

Lithuanian citizens will have a fully compliant The second-generation travel document of the latest ICAO fingerprint recommendation. Gemalto is proud of Lithuania's full use of Gemalto's digital security technology for the benefit of its citizens."

 

Gemalto has participated in the electronic ID card programs in many countries, and the implementation results in the following countries are particularly outstanding, for reference: Bahrain, Belgium, Finland, Oman, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, United Arab Emirates. 

In addition, Taiwan recently deployed Gemalto's digital security technology in a smart card-style residence permit, the Electronic Alien Residence Permit (ARC).

 

The ID Customization Center under the Ministry of Interior of Lithuania is authorized to manage the procurement and customization of ID cards.

 

The certificate of conformity for electronic signature is issued by the Resident Registration Office of the Ministry of Interior of Lithuania.

 

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Join Estonian e-citizenship (E-Resident Estonia)

Not long ago, I received my Estonian Electronic Citizenship (E-Resident) ID card. This write up is about this e-citizenship program in Estonia, what it means to be an e-citizen, and the specific process of applying.

Who provides expert online help for e-residency in Estonia?

barqat110 provides online help for e-residency in Estonia along with all expert advisory.

Estonian Virtual Migration, Whimsical Ideas from Estonia

The virtual immigration policy (e-citizenship program E-Residency) is a very innovative policy introduced by Estonia in 2014. Citizens of any country have the opportunity to obtain a virtual national status certified by the Estonian government and be able to apply online to local banks in Estonia Accounts and online business.

 

After becoming a virtual national of Estonia, you do not need to change your nationality. Using the identity of a virtual national, you can get a physical address in Estonia, get the opportunity to do business in the EU, and enjoy the lower operating costs here. For some special industries, virtual nationals can also enjoy Estonia's low tax policy . 

As a developed country with only 1.3 million citizens, Estonia attaches great importance to digital education. In 1997, Estonia provided all schools with Internet access within two years, and provided basic Internet education and communication technology education and training for all teachers in the country. 

Now Estonia aims to become a global advanced digital power through this policy.

 

In fact, many people around the world have obtained Estonian electronic identities through this policy, and the most applicants are from Finland, Russia, and the United States. This is an excellent way to do business with the EU without leaving the country.

 

The virtual national application process is very simple, all you need is your passport and $120. After applying online, the ID card can be obtained at the Estonian consulate in Beijing, and the pass rate can basically reach 100%. 

The Estonian government plans to use this method to allow the world to do business with the EU centered on Estonia, thereby building a digital trade center and increasing fiscal revenue for its own country.

 

It is believed that with the deepening of the digitalization process in the future and the continuous development of technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things and blockchain, Estonia's move will have more far-reaching significance.

 

e-Residency Estonia

First of all, many people may not know much about Estonia, so let's briefly introduce:

Estonia is located in northeastern Europe. Its territory consists of the mainland and 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea. It faces the Baltic Sea in the west, the Gulf of Finland in the north, Lake Chud in the east, and borders Latvia and Russia in the south and east respectively. The total area is 42,388 square kilometers. Temperate continental humid climate. The country's main ethnic group, the Estonians, belongs to the Baltic Finns. 

The country is currently a member of the Nordic Council, the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and is one of the world's high-income economies. -- Wikipedia

Besides having over 50% forest cover and pleasant air quality, Estonia has one key feature - the most advanced digital society in the world.

 

Shortly after independence in the 1990s, Estonia embarked on its own path to an internet powerhouse. All primary school students have been taught programming from the age of 7, Internet access has been declared a basic human right, and free Wifi coverage in most areas of the country has been completed as early as 2002! 

 

So far, 99% of government services, including voting, business registration, tax filing, etc., can be completed online by residents of Estonia without leaving home. In addition, Estonia has also given birth to many Internet companies, including the well-known Skype, Hotmail and recently TransferWise.

 

Electronic Citizenship (E-Resident) of Estonia

In 2014, Estonia became the first country to introduce an electronic citizenship program (E-Residency):

 

Before explaining what Estonian e-citizen "is", let's talk about what it "isn't":

 

Being an e-citizen does not affect your nationality

E-citizenship is not a right of residence and cannot be used as a visa

- If you want to travel to Estonia, you still need to apply for a Schengen visa

It is not a means of tax avoidance

- Although the tax rate is not high, Estonia is by no means a tax haven

- In contrast, Estonia has a very good reputation and is suitable for long-term stable development

What are the benefits of joining Estonian e-citizenship?

Simply put, you can register a regular Estonian company without visiting Estonia in person, and then you can operate 100% online without any geographical constraints. At the same time, you can open an Estonian bank account for overseas investments and transactions. 

In addition, it is said that it can also be used for cryptocurrency transactions and withdrawals.

Company registration is also the main reason why most people join E-Residency. 

Owning an Estonian company has some unique advantages:

- Low start-up costs

- Only €190 to register a company

- Share capital can be deferred. Although it is stipulated that the minimum share capital is €2,500, you may not invest at first, and then make up for it gradually (in contrast, your company cannot pay dividends until all the share capital is invested). 

Be careful not to confuse registration fees with share capital. Equity is the money that belongs to your company, and after you have invested it in your company, you can freely use the money to run your business.

0% tax on revenue in Estonia

- Estonia's tax system is unique. Businesses do not need to pay tax when they generate profits, and only pay tax when they distribute profits.

- That is, as long as the money you earn is still in the company's account, it is 0% tax. You can use the money to continue investing, of course, to buy electronic equipment or software, or even book flights and hotels - as long as you are going to "meet clients."

High reputation

- Estonia belongs to the EU and your company also has credibility as an EU business.

So whether it is for digital nomads, freelancers, or people engaged in Internet entrepreneurship, international trade, and blockchain transactions, becoming an Estonian e-citizen is quite attractive.

 

Simple application process

The application process for Estonian e-citizenship is simple. First, please have 2 things ready: passport and €120 (Visa/MasterCard).

 

Estonian e-residency program is plagued by cryptocurrency fraud

The Estonian e-residency scheme has come under the radar of local regulators, as foreign residents who gain remote access to Estonia’s digital infrastructure through the e-residency scheme are being linked to a number of cryptocurrency frauds. 

The crypto-friendly country was at the center of a $220 billion money-laundering scandal. In response to the scam, Estonian regulators immediately revoked the licenses of more than 500 crypto companies. 

Today, only 353 companies in Estonia have crypto licenses, compared to 1,234 companies with licenses at the end of 2019. While the scandal has done enough damage to Estonia’s digital progress, participation in crypto scams through the e-resident scheme is expected to further deteriorate Estonia’s reputation.

As Estonia pushes its digital expansion, 'borders become meaningless once electronic residency is in place'

 

Estonia's e-Residency programme announced today, driving more applicants from more distant parts of the world by adding ID pickup points in Singapore, Bangkok, São Paulo and Johannesburg.

 

These additional locations reflect the need to serve the growing number of applicants and their nearest digital nomad hubs in major cities in the region, notably Medellin, Colombia, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Bali, Indonesia.

 

Established procedures, even through a pandemic

The e-Residency programme broke new ground in 2014 as Estonia was one of the first EU countries to allow non-residents, non-citizens to apply for official government status. As an EU member state, this actually allows non-EU residents to establish trade links in the largest economic bloc with just a few mouse clicks and low start-up costs.

 

Then came COVID-19, and suddenly several countries around the world followed suit and implemented digital government services. Still, Estonia remains a powerhouse in this area, and digital provisioning is a core requirement for all government communications.

 

In the E-Residence 2.0 White paper, published in December 2018, Estonian President Kersti Kaljulaid made 49 proposals to further improve infrastructure and services, boost the growth of e-residence, and help fund an estimated 5-10 million digital tours Pastoralists provide services, even remote workers who do not yet realize they are digital nomads.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, e-residence is thriving among digital nomads.

 

Kristi Sit - Estonian brand

In today's statement, however, President Kaljulaid said: "While the global pandemic has limited our ability to travel, work and do business across borders, it has also accelerated digital transformation among governments, businesses and freelancers. 

As more and more people choose to live and work rather than stay in one place, there is a growing need for a locationless digital toolbox to support them. 

As the world's "first digitally transformed country, Estonia is pleased to welcome More freelancers, entrepreneurs, business owners and location independent workers from all over the world join our e-residency program. "

 

Lauri Haav, managing director of e-Residence, put it bluntly: "Once you have e-residence, boundaries are meaningless" is the key message.

He added: "We are very excited about announcing new access points in Africa, South America and Asia. Expanding our digital and physical network and empowering the enterprise has always been a priority for us and this rollout has taken place. For a while. Entrepreneurs, business owners and freelancers from all over the world have a lot to offer, and we hope that making the process of joining e-residency easier will encourage more of them to choose us and help their companies grow."

 

Statistics

The program crossed its 80,000th e-resident, according to its public dashboard last week. But interestingly, I had predicted that one or two countries would dominate the application, although I was happy to see otherwise. 

The top 10 countries of nationality among e-residents are fairly evenly distributed and they are: Finland, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, China, UK, USA, India, France and Italy.

 

Men in the 26-45 demographic seem to dominate the list so far, with women making up only about 13 percent of all e-dwellers.

Males aged 26-35 are by far the most popular participants

 

Estonian Electronic landscape with other countries

While Estonia retains its first-mover advantage, it is not the only country, including other EU member states, to allow the use of digital signatures for official purposes.

 

The European Commission's regulation of Eidas - the core work of EU member states' digital infrastructure - indicates that at the time of writing, a total of 17 EU countries have been notified or pre-notified of compliance with the cross-border recognition process.

But actually, from my experience as a non-citizen dealing with at least 5 other EU countries, there is still a lot of work to be done to ensure a smooth user experience. Although the electronic environment is clearly changing rapidly for the better.

Is Estonia seeking to attract UK academics and businesses with E-Residency programme?

Estonia's E-Residency program, which allows foreigners to obtain digital IDs and set up local companies online without having to travel to Estonia, seeks to attract UK academia and markets that still want EU funding and markets after Brexit. enterprise.

 Due to the ease of filing taxes and setting up a business under Estonian law, this program is currently very popular with technology companies. Since "Brexit" referendum, about 1,000 British citizens have applied for E-resident status, which costs as little as 100 euros, almost double the rate before the referendum. The E-Residency Program is designed to present Estonia's image as a digital nation, but it also provides additional tax benefits and other benefits if those who acquire E-Residency status subsequently use their ID to set up a company. Estonia aims to have 10 million E inhabitants by 2025. 

A number of academic institutions in the UK have also tried to continue to apply for EU funding through the programme. Estonian officials are now considering whether the project could bring greater benefits to British citizens and businesses, such as retaining the right to "go through", allowing businesses to sell to customers across the EU through one member state. UK-based fintechs will be of particular interest.

Estonian e-citizenship project: you may need a passport to become a global citizen

 

Estonian e-citizenship project: you may need a passport to become a global citizen

 

 

 

Chapter 11 of the Bible, Old Testament, Genesis:

 

Humans have tried to cooperate to build the Tower of Babel leading to heaven, but because God has given humans different languages, humans have no way to communicate and cooperate, so the Tower of Babel project failed, and humans have embarked on a long road of mutual understanding. .

 

Freedom must be a dream that everyone cannot escape. For example, freedom of wealth, freedom of time, footsteps all over the world, and by the way make some endless money.

 

Like a global citizen, go anywhere, live like a local, make friends with the locals, and discuss with them about culture, education, economy, entertainment, and everything about life, and you can do business together.

 

If we say that in the past 10 years, the Internet has given us a new world, completely changed our basic necessities, food, housing, transportation, study and life, and new technologies will continue to grow on their own as if they had grown their own lives, what does that mean?

 

The way of life in the future will be completely different from the present.

 

With the upgrade of basic means of transportation and communication equipment, and the development of new technology applications, we will have a breakthrough in communication and transactions with people in any city in the world. An ordinary person can easily call the world home, and more It is easy to be and must be someone with an international perspective.

 

In different corners of the world, there are already so many people living interesting lifestyles that I want or can't imagine, all of which have fully aroused my curiosity.

 

If you have studied, worked and lived overseas for many years, or you will be a trapeze in various countries and cities due to work reasons, you must already have better basic conditions or better tools to deal with the world.

 

I found a tool that should be more in line with the situation where I have no overseas life experience, I live in a certain place all the year round, and I hope that I don't need to make a big effort to relocate the city, but I still want to do my business all over the world. people.

 

Here's a passport to becoming a citizen of the world: Estonia's "e-citizenship" project.

 

In order to develop the economy and attract foreigners to open companies and do business there, the Estonian government provides "electronic citizen digital identity certificates" for non-citizens to obtain Estonian electronic citizenship.

 

People with this status can use the Estonian government system online, register companies online, sign documents and contracts with digital signatures, manage companies remotely, open bank accounts in the country to manage funds, and file company tax returns online.

 

But this is not proof of nationality, it does not have the resident status of Estonia or the EU, it has no right of entry and residence, it has nothing to do with personal outbound tourism and immigration, and it is only used for business activities.

 

Where is Estonia?

 

She is a small Nordic country, facing Finland across the sea to the north, bordering Russia to the east, and a country called Latvia to the south.

 

Her capital is Tallinn, just across the sea from Helsinki, the capital of Finland. There are direct flights from Chongqing to Helsinki. After arriving, you can go to Tallinn on the other side of the sea to eat and drink by taking a 2-hour boat, which is a good travel route. I heard that prices in Tallinn are cheap, and Helsinki people also like to go shopping across the sea on weekends and holidays, and eat, drink, and have fun.

 

 

 

Having said that, Helsinki people can buy discounted goods, but what does Estonia have to do with us Chinese? What's the use of getting an electronic identity certificate from their home?

 

I found three benefits!

 

(1) Quickly apply for a legal and valid overseas bank card through the Internet

 

(2) Easy to open a low-cost international company without geographical restrictions

 

(3) The tonality of this country is in line with the trend, a digital republic without borders, a soil that is very suitable for the growth of blockchain applications

 

(1) Quickly apply for a legal and valid overseas bank card through the Internet

 

(2) Easy to open a low-cost international company without geographical restrictions

 

(3) The tonality of this country is in line with the trend, a digital republic without borders, a soil that is very suitable for the growth of blockchain applications

 

First, get an overseas bank account

 

In the past, I have never lived or studied abroad, nor did I have any transaction needs to exchange funds with overseas. Even if I do overseas shopping or overseas shopping, I have to swipe my credit card and then repay in RMB, and I have never felt that there is any problem.

 

However, starting this year, I have deeply realized how painful it is to not have an overseas bank card. Either it is not like China Merchants Bank, which requires a high threshold of 5 million, or it is not like Minsheng Bank, which can only be handled in some cities in the north, the deepest cities, or the only way to go to the bank in Hong Kong to handle it on-site. For me, it is extremely inconvenient. For example, U.S. stock trading, such as... (see the third point, the soil of the trend)

 

If you can get an overseas bank account just through the Internet without leaving your home, it will definitely work in many places in the future. This needs to be explored and tried. This is very attractive for people who have not yet and are inconvenient to apply for overseas cards.

 

Second, start a low-cost international company

 

This electronic identity and its supporting remote management services are very useful if you want to conduct business cooperation with people in any corner of the world, and easily handle business, tax or capital transactions.

 

Estonia is a country that integrates the EU, Euro and Schengen areas. That is to say, as a Chinese working and living in China, I can remotely open and manage a start-up company in the EU, Euro and Schengen areas. There must be more room to play.

 

 

 

The picture comes from Baidu search

 

Third, the trend of soil

 

The entire e-Resident project is based on blockchain technology. Estonian e-citizens can notarize documents on the blockchain anywhere in the world.

 

The country will also launch a digital cryptocurrency called estcoin in the name of the government, and crowdfunding will be conducted through the national central bank, and estcoin will also be the official currency of e-citizens.

 

It's a really interesting world.

 

At present, in China, you can only go to the Estonian Embassy in Beijing to collect it. You will get the following blue box, which contains three things: a card, a card reader, and a password paper.

 

👇👇👇👇👇

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This heralds a new type of economy that has begun to flourish.

 

No matter where you are in the world, whether you are in a first-tier international city or a remote mountainous area in a third world country, no matter what language you speak, no matter which passport you hold, you all have the same real name in this economy Certified e-Resident, using high technology to exchange wisdom for wealth.

 

 

 

So far, there have been 33,438 applicants from 154 countries and 5,033 companies built on the e-Resident ecosystem. Including Pope Francis, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Estonian President Kirsty, French President Macron, angel investor Tim Draper and other elites, the entire Chinese-speaking region (including Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore) has more than 1,800 members and is currently In the rapid growth, it is expected that by the end of 2020, the Chinese community will grow to 22,500 people.

 

 

 

Jack Ma's father said that Alibaba has made it easy to do business in the world.

 

On Alibaba, small and micro enterprises in China and the world can display their products and link global business partners more conveniently. By analogy, the Estonian e-Resident project is an upgraded version of "making the world easy to do business".

 

It differs in:

 

1. Can buy and sell more kinds of goods: This is not only the blockchain version of Alibaba, but also the blockchain version of Facebook and Linkedin. More digital information and services are defined as commodities for trading;

 

2. It is easier to register a company: it is still an EU company, and it does not operate remotely without geographical restrictions. As long as there is an Internet, everything can be linked;

 

3. More convenient remote transaction supporting services: enjoy the economic and trade policies that integrate the European Union, the euro area, and the Schengen area, and more convenient third-party services such as finance and taxation, so that businessmen can avoid unnecessary trouble and focus on business. ;

 

4. Community economy with infinite power: To become an e-Resident requires real-name authentication, biometric information collection and payment, and a group of people who share common values, are curious about the new world and are eager to work hard to become rich are screened out from all over the world. It's easier and more fun to deal with.

 

1. Can buy and sell more kinds of goods: This is not only the blockchain version of Alibaba, but also the blockchain version of Facebook and Linkedin. More digital information and services are defined as commodities for trading;

 

2. It is easier to register a company: it is still an EU company, and it does not operate remotely without geographical restrictions. As long as there is an Internet, everything can be linked;

 

3. More convenient remote transaction supporting services: enjoy the economic and trade policies that integrate the European Union, the euro area, and the Schengen area, and more convenient third-party services such as finance and taxation, so that businessmen can avoid unnecessary trouble and focus on business. ;

 

4. Community economy with infinite power: To become an e-Resident requires real-name authentication, biometric information collection and payment, and a group of people who share common values, are curious about the new world and are eager to work hard to become rich are screened out from all over the world. It's easier and more fun to deal with.

 

This development trend is irreversible, and this new type of economy is thriving. As the sharer Hao Jie said in the opening video, human beings have been walking on a long-term road of mutual understanding, and the most effective mutual understanding is business Communication, we are witnessing and can participate in the construction of this new road to the Tower of Babel.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

e-resident program

 

What is the use of Estonian e-resident status and what are the benefits?

Can register and open an EU company via Estonian e-residency:

With the help of Estonian e-residency you can easily register a an Estonian company online only, which will a n EU company.

Overseas bank accounts can be opened:

You can open a bank account in the most secure country in the world and the most electronic banking and financial industry, so that you have your own overseas bank account. 

For Chinese people, with the continuous devaluation of China's RMB and the tightening of foreign exchange policies, having an overseas account not only allows you to effectively hedge assets, but also a shortcut to complete overseas asset allocation. In short, if you want to buy a house abroad in the future, investment, to avoid the devaluation of RMB assets, it will be much more convenient to have an overseas account, and there will be no anxiety about not having a personal overseas account or having no way to handle an account.

Safety:

Estonia is home to the NATO Cyber ​​Security Defense Center, Estonian e-resident status allows you to sign documents and contracts with a digital signature, verifying the authenticity of digitally signed documents sent by others

 

Save time and trouble:

The fastest speed to complete the application for an electronic resident card and register a company, all company-related affairs can be operated online, without the need for the actual landing, convenient and fast.

How to register and open an EU company through Estonian e-residency? 

To register and open an EU company via Estonian e-residency:

This is a rare opportunity for you to enter the EU. Your company can carry out various business activities in the name of an EU company overseas, covering the whole of the EU. In addition, taking Estonian e-resident status and opening an EU company is a shortcut to effective tax avoidance - not only are the circulation of goods within the EU all tax-free, but if the revenue is not used for dividends, there is no need to collect taxes. Estonia has signed double taxation treaties.

 

Is there a time limit for Estonian e-resident status?

Your electronic ID card is valid, and your electronic resident ID is not limited by time. As long as you have no criminal record, you can update your ID card after the validity period of your ID card expires.

 

Are overseas accounts safe?

Estonia belongs to the European Union and the Estonian banking system is directly regulated by the European Central Banking System. Estonia is also home to the NATO Cyber ​​Security Defense Center.

 

Who is suitable for Estonian e-residency?

Engaged in: International traders, e-commerce people, financial industry, entrepreneurs, people who travel abroad frequently, people who plan to immigrate overseas or go abroad for education.

Finally, remind everyone to pay attention to card safety.

 

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