Envying Civil Servants of Other Countries

Do you envy the comparison of "civil servants" treatment in various countries?

In China, "civil servants" has always been the most popular job in everyone's mouth. This job has always been a job that everyone envyed, jealous, and hated. Let's not mention the iron rice bowl. All kinds of paid holidays are everyone's envy. Every year, some people in Asia struggle for a position, but how about civil servants in some countries? In fact, according to the editors, civil servants in some countries are also quite ridiculous. Let's not talk too much nonsense, hurry and take a look at the civil servants of other countries.

United States Civil Servants

There are relatively more civil servants in the United States, so you don’t have to worry about giving up your ideal job for a stable life. And civil servants are not the first choice of most people. Their salary level is divided into "multi-level and multi-grade", and two people in the same position also receive different amounts of money. However, the average annual salary of $ 61,000 is definitely higher than mid-level in the United States. Although not a lifetime appointment, the probability of being fired is very low. Even if you perform poorly, it will give you an adjustment period of about a year, and will not let you go directly.

Russia Civil Servants

Putin's request for "severe penalties" for civil servants can be said to be commendable. In Russia, as long as you are in this team and have enough rules, you will definitely not worry about eating and drinking. The salary level of Russian civil servants has always remained above the average income of Russians, plus they are more or less a "gray income" that is not illegal, so it is a very good job to be there.

India Civil Servants

Because of the existence of the "caste system", being admitted to the civil service is the fastest way for them to enter the upper class.

When the per capita annual income in India was only 460 US dollars, the annual income of civil servants had reached 7,000 US dollars, and various subsidies were numerous. Transportation subsidies, child eugenics fees, food subsidies, communication fees, special hardship areas, grassroots subsidies.

There are many types, and there are also a lot of money. The lowest level of transportation subsidies is 400 rupees, which is about 10 dollars.

Perhaps in order to stop their mad test of civil servants, India’s civil service exam is known as the most difficult in the world, with an admission rate of one-thousandth, and regulations stipulate that each qualified college student can only take the test four times in a lifetime.

Germany Civil Servants

In a census in 2010, 20% of young people targeted for civil servants. Among them, the impact of the economic crisis on stability is the main reason for the fever of German civil servants. One characteristic of German civil servants is that the country is hired for life.

Why Envying Civil Servants of Other Countries

In addition, they will not arrange a unified examination, which positions are missing, they will temporarily arrange the examination and choose the best admission. You need to work for 40 years in a row, including college time, and then you can get a pension after graduation. Various allowances, benefits, and flexible working time settings have made the German civil servant position a sweet meal.

Korea Civil Servants

The popularity of civil service examinations is comparable to that of China. Korean university graduates are very enthusiastic about civil service examinations. According to a survey report recently released by the Korean Statistics Department, 43% of South Korean youths most want to go to the work unit is a state agency.

Retired civil servants can receive an annuity based on 76% of the salary for the three years before retirement, while the general national annuity is only 50% of the salary for the three years before retirement.

Norway Civil Servants

Norway is a welfare state. Employees in the public sector and employees in the private sector must participate in a unified and centralized universal insurance plan. The payment standards are exactly the same. Everyone must pay 8.2% of the salary income to the country as a social security payment.

No matter what industry you are employed in, as long as you participate in social security and pay according to regulations, the same standards apply to unemployment, medical care, maternity, and family welfare.

Thailand Civil Servants

Former Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai of Thailand had stipulated that civil servants should be elected one day each year to work in national costumes, because this can promote the sales of local national costumes and boost employment.

Brazil Civil Servants

In Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, civil servants may be fired for gossip. Gossip mainly refers to various unconfirmed rumors, such as rumours that wages are about to rise.

Adhaar Plan and MongoDB Controversy

India worries about Aadhar's plan for MongoDB to follow controversy

1. Affected by the Prism Door, the question of Aadhar from all walks of life will threaten people’s privacy and security, instead focusing on Aadhar’s methods of collecting, storing and processing data, and the role of American startup MongoDB in the plan.

2. MongoDB is a NoSQL database. The company was funded by In-Q-Tel, an independent non-profit organization last year, and everyone ’s concern is that In-Q-Tel is an institution supported by the US CIA and other intelligence agencies.

3. Various Indian media cited the views of political parties and political movements, questioning how Aadhar, led by Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani, handled sensitive data. Some of the reports directly linked the dispute to MongoDB.

The big country of India has always been unable to fully log in to its domestic population data, but the Aadhar plan has brought the dawn:

India’s Unique Identification Project (Unique Identification Project) is also known as the Aadhar plan. The program recently accumulated more than 500 million people in population and biometric data, making it the largest biometric database of its kind in the world.

Since Aadhar was founded a few years ago, it has continued to move forward in criticism. People from all walks of life questioned whether it would threaten people’s privacy and security, while recent criticism of firepower focused on Aadhar’s methods of collecting, storing, and processing data, and many people also worried about the role of US startup MongoDB in the plan.

MongoDB is a NoSQL database. The company was funded by In-Q-Tel, an independent non-profit organization last year, and everyone’s concern is that In-Q-Tel is an institution supported by the US CIA and other intelligence agencies.

National Security Agency or intervention? Aadhar partner Mongo DB cited controversy

Various Indian media cited the views of political parties and political movements, questioning how Aadhar, led by Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani, handled sensitive data, and some of the reports directly linked the dispute to MongoDB.

After the exposure of the prism plan of the National Security Agency (NSA) to the global government, the global government is very dike for the US government's intelligence units, so the relationship between MongoDB and the intelligence units is bound to cause concern. In addition, due to the upcoming election next year, domestic political discussions are heated. Aadhar's challenges and allegations against these time and space backgrounds are extremely difficult.

According to the staff I spoke with, although some people think that the MongoDB contract with Aadhar includes shared data, in fact Aadhar only uses MongoDB's open source program code, and does not involve sensitive data.

India’s Unique Identification Bureau (UIDAI) also refuted the allegations, saying that it did not provide the Indian people ’s data to the US intelligence unit.

What Aadhar means for India: conducting a census to effectively subsidize the disadvantaged

What is the spatiotemporal background of Aadhar? In India, more than 500 million people do not have an official identity identifier (ID) or similar code, so these people cannot obtain government grants, open bank accounts, loans, obtain driver ’s licenses, and so on.

The Aadhar database has the opportunity to solve this problem: The program currently logs in more than 1 million Indians every day, and it is expected to reach a total of about 1.2 billion people by the end of next year. The huge number makes this database the world's largest biometric database.

For Indians, having a 12-digit Aadhar number has many benefits. One of them is that the government can connect with the bank accounts of the poor people in the country and transfer directly to cash benefits and other subsidies. There are already nearly 40 million bank accounts. Connect with Aadhar.

According to research company CLSA, the Indian government’s subsidies and benefits for the poor are a total of US $ 250 billion, and 40% of them will be corrupted in the next few years.

But if Aadhar can assist the government to transfer money directly to the poor who need help, the plan can stop corruption.

However, many think tanks and social activists, such as the Bangalore-based Centre for Internet & Society headquartered in Bangalore, have some concerns about Aadhar. They worry about the privacy of the people and doubt the effectiveness of the entire plan.

The world's largest biometric database: the security system was operated by a former Intel engineer

Aadhar's headquarters is located in the southern suburbs of Bangalore, and the Indian headquarters of Intel and Cisco are also established here. The appearance of Aadhar's technology center is not like the building of a government agency. The center has all the data collected by it. The current number is 5 PB.

The atmosphere and installation of the entire Adhaar Office room are quite complex and sophisticated command rooms.

What is displayed on the screen is the overall process of processing datagrams about 5 MB in size.

These datagrams are logged in from about 30,000 registration centers across the country, and then processed after at least three verifications.

During verification, each piece of data is reviewed repeatedly to ensure that each person has only one set of Aadhar codes.

Therefore, each newly registered data has to be compared with the data in other databases, and the amount of existing data has exceeded 500 million.

Srikanth Nadhamuni is a former Intel engineer. In September 2010, he helped build Aadhar's technology platform. He said that these datagrams are protected by 2048-bit confidentiality technology, and if any unauthorized person attempts to invade, the datagrams will be destroyed automatically.

MongoDB storm: Aadhar said that MongoDB did not have access to core information

Why did Aadhar choose MongoDB in the first place, and will it continue to cooperate with this startup?

Sudhir Narayana, assistant director general of Aadhar Technology Center, told me that they chose MongoDB from many database products (including MySQL, Hadoop and HBase) to assist in database search. MySQL database can only store demographic data, but MongoDB can Save the picture, which is more in line with Aadhar's needs.

However, Aadhar began to gradually transfer his database-related work to MySQL because they found that MongoDB could not cope with millions of datagrams. Aadhar has begun to split the database and store the data reports on different machines to ensure that the system will not be overloaded. This action allows Aadhar to reduce its dependence on MongoDB and instead use MySQL to store most of its data.

MongoDB could not obtain any biometric data

Ashok Dalwai, deputy director general of the technology center, stated that MongoDB cannot obtain any biometric data. Dalwai stated that Aadhar believes that the use of open source technology can prevent any vendor from monopolizing the field, but this does not mean that they do not value security.

Aa MongoDB spokesperson stated that the relationship between the company and its funding sources (including In-Q-Tel) was written in this statement for readers’ reference.

More importantly, when India’s only identity bureau began to use MongoDB’s open source software, In-Q-Tel had not yet funded MongoDB, and the interval between them was not short. From the statistics of Cruchbase, it can also be seen that MongoDB It was a total of 7.7 million venture capital investments from Red Hat, Intel Capital and In-Q-Tel in 2012.

What are the prospects for Aadhar?

Despite the controversy, the staff said that the number of Aadhar logins will exceed 1.2 billion by the end of 2014, when the database size will reach 15 PB.

At present, the plan logs in about 1 million people every day, Narayana said he is confident that from next year, the number of daily logins will grow to 2 million. If they follow this pace, they will successfully add the remaining 700 million people to the database in.

And will it be able to reform the Indian government’s corrupt practices and successfully relieve its poor population?

This remains to be seen. The only certainty is that the world’s largest biometric database still continues to swallow up endless data.

Aadhaar Use in India and UIDAI

Indian companies cannot use Aadhaar data. Who can dominate the Indian identity authentication market?

Imagine that you are driving steadily on a hilly road. Suddenly a landslide is blocking the road ahead. You have to slam the brakes. The journey is suddenly interrupted. I don't know how to reach your destination. After the Supreme Court of India announced the Aadhaar judgment, the Indian fintech industry is in such a state.

The Supreme Court of India announced on September 26 that it banned private companies from accessing biometric databases. Because Aadhaar only earns a nominal fee and can remotely access rural markets and urban poor areas, the ban has caused a heavy blow to the banking industry and the wider financial services industry.

Indian Unique Identification Authority (UIDAI) Proposal

Since then, technology companies have been looking for viable alternatives. The Indian Unique Identification Authority (UIDAI) has proposed a new method that can manage Aadhaar and manage offline citizen registration.

According to the process, any entity accessing the Aadhaar number online must download a new QR code or XML format from the UIDAI website. This method can protect the security of citizen biometric data and protect the privacy of the 12-digit unique identification number.

However, the fintech industry is not interested in this option.

IDfy is a Mumbai technology startup that provides identity verification services. Its CEO Ashok Hariharan said, "The Aadhaar XML process includes many steps, including obtaining a one-time password (OTP), selecting a series of permissions, and downloading XML files. Used as an ID. The whole process is very complicated. If there are other options, most users will choose to use other IDs instead of Aadhaar. "

Mobile Numbers mismatch Aadhaar database

According to industry insiders, another problem is that the Internet bandwidth in remote locations is limited, and page jumps may occur during online process jumps. In addition, in many cases, the mobile phone number does not match the number in the Aadhaar database.

"Downloading XML files and new QR codes will be the last mile challenge because users need to complete OTP-based authentication before they can download files. If customers use different mobile phone services, identity authentication may fail." Fino Payments Bank products Head of Ashish Ahuja said.

Customer absorption

The biggest challenge facing fintech entities is to attract customers remotely. With Aadhaar, consumers don’t have to fill out a lot of paperwork, and they can access services through smartphones or computers even if they are far away.

"The biggest problem for us is that the client suddenly disappeared during the registration process, and Aadhaar solved this problem to a large extent," said a senior director of an anonymous fintech company in Bangalore that provides investment solutions. "Consumer The person can fill out the form in a few seconds, get the digital signature of the file through Aadhaar, and complete the identity verification through biometric technology. This process only accounts for a small part of the actual cost. "

Companies benefiting from this include digital loan companies such as Capital Float, Lendingkart, Early Salary, and investment startups such as Zerodha who want to be close to consumers digitally.

"If you have to manually collect the documents, the cost will increase greatly. In addition, it is very likely that the document is filled in incorrectly," said Nithin Kamath, CEO of Zerodha. "If a signature is missing, the agent must go a long way. Let the parties make up. "

Whether it is Kotak’s 811 plan or the National Bank of India’s concept of attracting a new generation of customers through YONO, it shows that banks also provide services to customers through digital means.

Deepak Sharma, Chief Digital Officer of Kotak Mahindra Bank, said, "We are working hard to digitize the process and further realize paperlessness at the branch. Now that only direct benefit transfer (DBT) customers can use Aadhaar data, we must create a seamless customer experience from scratch . "

In addition to fintech companies and traditional banks, the pressure on payment banks is not small. The state commissioned these entities to popularize digital payments to the masses.

For example, Fino Payments Bank relies on Aadhaar as the main body to provide services to migrant workers or customers from the rural poor. And now customers will absorb fees five times more than before, especially for manual collection of documents.

"The seamlessness of Aadhaar has greatly accelerated the account opening process. In addition, for our customer base, Aadhaar is easy to obtain. They have no way to provide other supporting documents." Ahuja from Fino Payments Bank said.

Recurring payment issues

Affected by mobile wallets and the unified payment interface (UPI), digital payments are becoming more and more common, but the regular payment process still requires manual intervention, including the payment of equivalent monthly installments (EMI) and system investment plans (SIP) for mutual funds.

The National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) solves this problem through an electronic authorization system based on the National Automatic Clearing House (NACH) platform.

Consumers do not need to fill out a large number of documents, they can automatically debit their accounts using biometric databases by issuing electronic authorizations. NPCI said that due to court orders, it had to stop all eNACH authorizations last month and required all banks to move to online banking and debit card authorization.

PayU India operates the "Buy Now, Pay Later" product called LazyPay, and its general manager Jitendra Gupta stated that "eNach is the main mode of deduction from the customer's LazyPay loan account. It has now been terminated and the operation side is completely beaten Chaos. "

Gupta said that banks must manually verify customer signatures, greatly affecting turnaround time and cost efficiency. "The entire process takes 10-15 days, compared to only two seconds before. In addition, the cost of collecting NACH has increased dramatically, which seriously affects the user experience."

A senior banker said that if a customer initiates a process online, then assume that he or she can use online banking or debit cards as payment tools. The bank can solve this problem by enabling other modes of eNACH. "However, now that a lot of paperwork is required, the process becomes very troublesome."

Business uncertainty

These problems have adversely affected the business environment and damaged the confidence of entrepreneurs to carry out innovative business. Many businesses are built on Aadhaar. These businesses help poor people enjoy financial inclusion through Jan Dhan accounts, mobile phones and unique identification numbers. The Supreme Court's decision suddenly changed all this.

PayNearby claims to support more than 28% of Aadhaar bank payments, and its general manager Anand Kumar Bajaj said, "Enterprises have invested a lot of money to install dongle in retail stores to identify customer biometric technology data. And now all this is useless. "

The Reserve Bank of India requires payment companies to complete the complete "KYC" process. When the purse company issued a call for the high cost of KYC, the country told them to invest in the eKYC model to save costs.

An anonymous senior manager of a payment company said, "Now we do not have eKYC, and a few months later is the deadline for the conversion of a half-KYC wallet to a full KYC wallet. We don't know when the alternative method will take effect."

February 28 was the deadline for the conversion of the complete KYC wallet, otherwise it will be invalid

Many early-stage startups have also flourished through customer certification. Entities such as DigiO, Idfy and Khosla Labs have established themselves as intermediaries such as financial service providers Zerodha and PayU India.

"After Aadhaar's service was interrupted, revenue fell by more than 30%. We had to find alternative mechanisms to keep the business model running," said Ashf Hariharan of IDfy. "We also have a sub-authentication user agent (AUA) license, which is now invalid. . It is also a loss for us. "

However, Hariharan said that the business cannot be stagnant. As a technology company, IDfy uses video and machine learning capabilities to innovate and explore other ways to complete customer verification.

What should we do now?

Sharma from Kotak Mahindra Bank said, "We are looking for a reliable alternative mechanism, offline Aadhaar seems to be the second best solution. We are working with NPCI to develop other methods, such as through online banking or debit card authorization Complete the authorization as an alternative to eNACH. "

Kamath from Zerodha also said that the company has switched to video KYC and DigiLocker, and plans to switch to XML-based KYC and video to attract customers. He said that there may be a higher customer decline rate, but the company must bear it.

Another major problem facing the company is front-end employee training. In the past few years, with the digitization of processes, intermediaries and employees have learned to switch to tablets and smartphones to use eKYC, and now they must return to other forms such as paper or XML and video.

Fino Payments Bank relies on bank intermediaries to establish contact with people in remote rural areas. The bank ’s Ahuja said, "It took a lot of time to train employees to use eKYC. Now we must re-train in other modes, and the literacy rate of the last mile is always Is a challenge. "

Another trend for many startups is to move from online products to omnichannel products. Vivek Belgavi, financial technology leader of PricewaterhouseCoopers India, said, "Businesses are resuming acquisitions."

Banks can go back and change the direction of development, because they are mainly for the purpose of experimenting with technological products, but for early entities that may not be able to obtain investor support in many cases, the situation may be more difficult.

Large, well-funded technology companies such as Google, WhatsApp and Chinese companies have begun to enter the Indian fintech field, making the local technology startups difficult. In addition to competition from global players, the regulatory environment is constantly changing, and local companies have to fight on both fronts simultaneously.

As the founder of a digital loan startup said, you can sit back and regret the things you lost, or you can pick up stones, clear the road and move forward. The situation can't stop you from being annoyed, so Indian companies are actively looking for alternative business models.

JAM (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile)

PricewaterhouseCoopers Belgavi said, "JAM (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) is only the first intervention, and the financial technology field needs more such intervention. All forces must be mobilized, whether it is policy, innovation or technology, to solve The issue of financial inclusion. "

India builds the world's largest biometric data system

According to the Times of India, the Unique Identification Project (also known as the Aadhar Project) launched by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has completed the collection of biometric data for 820 million people. The project has become the world's largest biometric data project, covering 67% of India's population.

The data shows that the FBI's biometric database is 150 million fewer than India. In the future, more people in India will join the project, making it the number one database in the world for similar projects. As of April 20, India’s Uttar Pradesh had the largest number of participants, reaching 105 million, Maharashtra ’s 91.9 million, and West Mon State’s 61.2 million.

Indian Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan said that the data is scientific and very practical, and the government plans to use it to guide the oil sector to formulate cooking gas subsidies (Cooking Gas Subsidies).

At the same time, the Indian government is collecting bank account numbers, biometric data and mobile phone numbers, and by combining these three aspects of information, more targeted subsidies are available.

Currently, more than 500 million people in India do not have official identification (ID), which has caused a series of problems:

Unable to obtain government assistance
Open bank accounts
Apply for loans
Obtain driver's licenses, etc.

The Indian government has specially arranged a subsidy of US $ 250 billion for its poor people, of which more than 40% have been embezzled by the people involved.

The Aadhar ID card has 12 digits, and the government can link bank accounts with specific people (especially the poor), and directly transfer related subsidies to their bank accounts. The data shows that ID cards are being issued at a rate of 20 million per month.

The Aadhar project will eliminate the middle link in the process of subsidizing the poor, and direct transfer can also curb corruption.

As of December 2014, the government has linked 100 million identification cards to bank accounts, and it is expected that the number of bank accounts will increase further in the future, and will bring more convenience to provide financial transfer payments to the poor.

In the future, binding biometric cards to mobile phone numbers will make the distribution of welfare subsidies more targeted.

At the same time, some Indian think tank scholars and activists (such as the Centre for Internet & Society in Bangalore) expressed concerns about the privacy issues of the Aadhar project and even questioned the effectiveness of the entire project.

Former Intel engineer Srikanth Nadhamuni (Srikanth Nadhamuni) helped the Indian side develop the Aadhar technology platform in September 2010, and he is currently the head of Khosla Lab in Bangalore.

Nadhamni said that these data packets have been processed through 2048-bit encrypted storage. Once someone tries to access the data without authorization, they can all destroy themselves.

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