Articles by "Health"
April 23, 2022
Twitter Facebook

  

Study explains 5 Risk Factors that may Lead to Prolonged Coronavirus Recovery Period

According to media BGR, doctors are still unable to explain a condition that appeared after the initial infection with the new coronavirus. Some COVID-19 survivors will develop symptoms within a few weeks after the virus is cleared. This is known as "Long COVID." Researchers from the United Kingdom analyzed the COVID-19 experience of more than 4,000 patients and identified 5 risk factors that may cause "Long COVID". Age, weight, gender, initial COVID-19 symptoms, and asthma are all risk factors for Long COVID.

 

Study from the United Kingdom explains the five health risks that may cause long COVID

A new study from the United Kingdom explains the five health risks that may cause long COVID and should provide additional incentives to avoid infection. The researchers at King's College London announced their findings, which were originally published in medRxiv in a non-peer-reviewed form.


 Long COVID

They analyzed the data of 4182 users of the COVID symptom research app. These users tested positive and recorded their health progress in the app. Researchers have identified five factors that may cause Long COVID and also revealed that the incidence of Long COVID patients may be quite high. 

The data shows that millions of people may be suffering from a Long COVID problem.

 

Researchers say that 1 in 20 COVID-19 patients may suffer symptoms for at least 8 weeks. Applying this number to the more than 41.22 million people who have tested positive to date, tells us that more than 2.06 million people may experience Long COVID. 

In other words, if the conclusions of this study are accurate, 3,500 of the 70,000 Americans who tested positive last Friday may experience Long COVID symptoms. But this research needs more research and other peer review.

 

Risk Factors that may lead to prolonged COVID-19 Recovery Period

The researchers also stated that most of the people in their study recovered from the new coronary pneumonia in 11 days or less. But 1 in 7 people experienced symptoms for 4 weeks, and 1 in 50 had symptoms for 12 weeks.

 Applying these estimates to global COVID-19 cases tells us that nearly 5.9 million people may have suffered 4 weeks of symptoms, and more than 820,000 people may have experienced COVID-19 symptoms for nearly three months.

 

The research team found that age, weight, gender, asthma, and initial COVID-19 symptoms are all risk factors for Long COVID.

 Only 10% of people aged 18-49 in the study had this condition, but the proportion of people over 70 years old increased to 22%. 

People who are overweight are also more likely to have Long COVID symptoms, and women are more likely to recover for a long time. 


Is Asthma a Risk Factor associated with Long COVID-19?

Asthma is also a risk factor associated with Long COVID.

 Researchers say that people who report a wide range of initial COVID-19 symptoms are more likely to continue experiencing symptoms after the virus is cleared.

 

The study also divided Long COVID into two separate categories. One category includes respiratory symptoms (cough and shortness of breath), headaches and fatigue. 

The second category seems to be more dangerous, with symptoms "obviously multi-system, affecting many parts of the body, including the brain, intestines, and heart."

 

Conclusion

If these findings can be confirmed, they can provide a predictive model that may help doctors try to prevent Long COVID symptoms in high-risk groups and improve the care of COVID-19 survivors who have the virus disappeared from their systems Symptoms still appear in the next few weeks or months.


Share on Social Media to Help Someone who may be in Need of this Info >>


April 13, 2022
Twitter Facebook

 

What is Ayurveda? What does Ayurveda stand for?

Ayurveda is Sanskrit, and Chinese is generally translated as Ayurveda or "Life Vedic Medicine". Ayurveda is Sanskrit, which is composed of two words: Ayur means "life", Veda means "knowledge", So the word Ayurveda means the science of life. Ayurveda medicine is not only a medical system, but also represents a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda and yoga are sister disciplines and are known as "Mothers of Medicine". Yoga focuses on the harmony and unity of the body and mind, while Ayurveda focuses on the balance between the human body and external nature.

Ayurveda is a traditional natural remedy in India. It has a history of more than 5,000 years and is considered to be the oldest medical system in the world. Ayurveda can be said to be an all-encompassing medicine or science, which includes observation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease, detoxification and renewal of the body, surgery and herbal medicine. Maintaining energy balance through diet, yoga, meditation, and massage not only treats illness, but also reduces pain and prevents recurrence.


The Indian medical system includes Ayurveda (also known as Vedas of Life) medicine and Siddha medicine

It is considered the oldest medical system in the world. It has been used in countless traditional Indian families for more than 5,000 years. It affects almost all medical systems in the northern and southern hemispheres, so India's Ayurveda is known as the "Mother of Medicine".

From the early literature, it can be seen that Ayurvedic doctors have prophetic opinions on the powerful medical properties of plants, and can be said to be the pioneers of modern pharmacology. They also knew how the body works, and there was even evidence that Dr. Ayurveda had undergone human surgery.

In addition, this system has also emphasized the importance of diet and spirituality from ancient times to the present. Ayurveda's shadow can be seen in Chinese traditional Chinese medicine and the medical method of Hippocrates, "the father of modern medicine".

"In yoga, we use the body to serve the mind; in Ayurveda, we heal the body, but this body is not only the physical layer, but it contains all layers."

- Rita Keller

What historical origins does Ayurveda have?

Ayurveda traditional medicine dates back to the Vedic era of the Ayurvedic Vatican Museum in 5000 BC. It is known for the oldest documented comprehensive medical system in the world.

According to Indian mythology, the origin of Ayurveda is legendary. It was created by Brahma, the creator of one of the three major Hindu gods, to protect humans before they were created. Brahma first taught Ayurveda to the twin twins (Aswins) of the twin gods of medicine, and they taught them to Indra, the god of thunderstorms. Indra taught to the wise men who practiced in the world, and they passed on to their offspring and disciples.

For the first time in history, Ayurvedic records appear in Rig Veda, an ancient collection of Indian poetry dating back to 6000 BC. From 3000 BC to 2000 BC, Atharva, one of the four Vedic classics, was introduced. Among them, Ayurveda was a supplement to the Vedic sacred scriptures-Veda, attached to Awapova. Tuo. Although Ayurvedic medicine has long been used in practice, it was not until then that it was compiled into a book by word of mouth and became an independent science.

Around 1500 BC, Ayurveda medicine was divided into two schools:

Atiyah-the internalist school and Dhanvantari-the externalist school, making it a more systematic science.
These two colleges have authored two major books on Ayurveda medicine-Caraka Samhita and Susruta Samhita. Both medical classics were written in the first half of the 1st century BC.

The Book of Zoroga was written by the great Indian medical ancestor Zorogar, and was supplemented and modified by Atiyah. It is still the most widely used medical book in Ayurveda.

Miaowen inherited the theories of the Vatican school, the ancestor of Indian medicine. His "Miaowen Collection" compiled various knowledge of repair surgery, including limb replacement surgery, plastic surgery, laparotomy and even brain surgery. At the same time, he is also famous for inventing rhinoplasty. 

Ayurveda Medical Classics

Around 500 AD, the third important Ayurvedic medical work, Astanga Hridaya, was published. It synthesizes the views of the two universities of Ayurveda. From 500 AD to 1900 AD, 16 important medical monographs, Nightus, were introduced as supplements to Ayurveda's medical classics. They collected and recorded various new drugs, expanded their usage, and discarded old drugs. And material identification methods.

There is evidence that Ayurveda medicine has enriched almost all medical systems in the world. Through maritime trade with India, the Egyptians learned about Ayurveda medicine. The invasion of Alexander the Great brought Greeks and Romans into contact with Ayurveda.

Traditional UNANI medicine is formed in this communication. In the early years of the first millennium, with the spread of Buddhism to the east, Ayurveda medicine also spread to the east, and it has a huge impact on Tibetan medicine and traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

Origin of Yoga and Ayurveda

Ayurveda is a relatively esoteric and low-key science. Many people ignore its importance because they do n’t understand it. They do n’t know that Ayurveda is the only way for yoga people to advance. Ayurveda applies the principles and exercises of yoga to physical and mental healing and disease treatment, and teaches yoga practitioners to properly use asanas, breath adjustments, and meditation according to their own physical and mental types and health conditions.

Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to show interest in physical and mental healing and natural remedies. Yoga and Ayurveda, as one of the oldest spiritual and healing traditions in the world, are still widely practiced today, and undoubtedly can play an important role in this regard.

Ayurveda provides a fully compatible and compatible natural healing system for yoga, including: its understanding of body and mind during yoga practice, its measurement of body composition, its disease theory and treatment methods, such as diet, Herbs, detox, etc., it includes all aspects of yoga.

Ayurveda Ayurvedic Medical Science Methoids of Treatment of Patients

Here are the eight branches of Ayurveda medicine:


  1.  Kayachikitsa (internal medicine)
  2.  Shalakya Tantra (Head and Neck Surgery and Therapy, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology)
  3.  Shalya Tantra (Surgery)
  4.  Agada Tantra (Toxicology)
  5.  Bhuta Vidya (psychiatry)
  6.  Kaumarabhritya (Pediatrics)
  7.  Rasayana (gerontology that delays body aging)
  8. Vajikarana (fertility)






After introducing several issues of keeping healthy and practicing yoga based on Ayurveda in winter, many people want to systematically introduce this ancient life science, preferably based on the training of yoga instructors.


Brief content


Ayurveda and yoga are both ancient life sciences of ancient India. The two are closely linked and complement each other; they were both created for the happiness of mankind. Ayurveda focuses on physical well-being. Yoga is to achieve spiritual happiness and open up awareness.

Ayuhu = Span of Life

Veda = Teaching, the ancient knowledge

According to the philosophy of yoga, our bodies have 5 layers:


  1. Material layer, also known as food body, thick body
  2. Life energy layer
  3. Emotional layer
  4. Mental layer
  5. Spiritual layer

The dimensions that Ayurveda focuses on are how subtle energy in food and beverages affects our bodies, emotions, energy, and thoughts, rather than physical dimensions such as protein and minerals measured in western nutrition. Ayurveda believes that these subtle energies come from the source of the universe. From the place with the highest frequency of vibration, the energy gradually slows down, forming five major elements such as ether, air, fire, water, and soil. These elements combine in pairs to form the three major Dosha duas, namely Vatta / Vata (Vata), Pitta / Pita (Pitta), and Kapha (Kapha). Each person and even everything in the world is composed of three major cities Xia in a certain proportion. Our bodies shape Sapta Dhatus (Seven Major Organizations) through these energies. Sanskrit Sapta, English translation seven, Chinese translation "seven"; Dhatus / Datus, English translation tissues, Chinese translation "organization".

The seven major organizations include:


  1. Rasa Dhatu body fluid (translated as "plasma" in the video, in fact "body fluid" is more commonly used)
  2. Rakta Dhatu blood tissue
  3. Masma Dhatu muscle tissue
  4. Meda Dhatu adipose tissue
  5. Ashti Dhatu Skeletal Tissue
  6. Shukra Dhatu Reproductive / Regenerating Tissue
  7. Prakruti contains a specific proportion of Dosha, which is our innate attributes, qualities, and our "nature".


In addition to nature, there are acquired influences. Food, lifestyle, what we see and think about, the environment, and the people and things in our lives will all change our attributes and affect our physical, emotional, thought, and energy. This is called Vikruti and it is your current Dosha proportion.

Ayurveda believes that as long as the ratio of the three major doshas is in balance, we can be physically and mentally healthy, otherwise disease will occur. Ayurveda is a preventive medical system. It believes that energy imbalance is the root cause of disease. To prevent disease, we must pay attention to balance and maintain balance. However, depending on the environment, lifestyle, eating habits, and stage of life, it is not easy for most people to maintain balance.

Conclusion

Therefore, through Ayurveda theory to deeply understand your body (physical, psychological, spiritual, energy and other aspects), consciously pay attention to changes in your body, through scientific and reasonable diet, lifestyle, yoga asana meditation Exercises to help you achieve a balance between body and mind, and minimize the friction that hinders our spiritual growth. This is why yoga people learn Ayurveda.






Share on Social Media  >>
April 07, 2022
Twitter Facebook

 Causes Symptoms and Treatment of Herpes Simplex Infection

Meaning of Herpes Virus: Herpes, the first refers to the yellow-white or translucent small blisters that appear on the skin surface, often appearing as a sheet, which is full of liquid. Smallpox, chickenpox, etc. all have this symptom; the second refers to a skin disease. The pathogen is a virus, which mostly occurs on the upper lip or face. Itching first occurs locally, and then a blister-like bulge appears. It contains a transparent liquid. Slight pain, scab self-healing after a week or two. Herpes is divided into genital herpes, herpes simplex, and shingles. Today we come to understand one of them-herpes simplex.

What is herpes simplex?


In fact, herpes is a common and infectious skin disease with an ancient history, and the relevant records have even been seen in ancient Greece. Herpes simplex is an acute herpes skin disease caused by the herpes simplex virus. It can occur throughout the body. Humans are the only natural host for herpes simplex virus. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract, oral cavity, genital mucosa, and damaged skin, and resides in the human normal mucosa, blood, saliva, and sensory ganglion cells.

The pathogen of herpes simplex is human herpes simplex virus, which belongs to the herpes simplex virus family α subfamily and herpes simplex virus genus. It is divided into two subtypes HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 subtype mainly invades the waist. The above parts, especially the face and brain tissue; and HSV-2 type mainly invades the lower waist, especially the genitals, etc., so it is called genital herpes; but this distinction is not strict.

Human herpes simplex virus does not have strong resistance to the outside world. It can be inactivated by heating at 56 ° C for 30min, UV irradiation for 5min, and other lipid solvents such as ether; however, its biological activity can be stored for a long time at -70 ° C.

 In vitro Culture

In an in vitro culture environment, herpes simplex virus can infect almost all kinds of embryonic and newborn animal-derived fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and quickly produce lesions visible to the naked eye. Therefore, in some difficult cases, the method of in vitro culture to isolate the virus can be used to help clinical diagnosis.

What are the Herpes simplex symptoms?


Everyone is not very familiar with herpes simplex. The previous article mentioned that herpes simplex can occur throughout the body. So what are the symptoms of herpes simplex?

Herpes simplex symptoms

1. Symptoms of primary infection herpes simplex

 The primary infection can be subclinical. If the clinical symptoms are present, the severity is greater than recurrent lesions. The incubation period is 3 to 5 days.

Herpes gingivostomatitis is the most common primary infection and occurs in children as young as 15 years. Gingival swelling and bleeding, blisters, erosions, ulcers on the tongue, pharynx, palate, and buccal mucosa. The ulcer is covered with a pale yellow false film with fever, discomfort, salivation, restlessness, bad breath, and painful eating. Local lymph nodes are enlarged and painful. . Fever subsides after 3-5 days, and usually fully recovers within 2 weeks.

Image Showing Genital Herpes

2. Genital herpes:

Males are more common in the glans, foreskin and penis, and females are in the vulva, vagina, and cervical mucosa. Several red pimples and blisters occurred early, accompanied by local itching and burning sensations. Superficial ulcers formed after the blister broke, and dry crusts later. May have fever, discomfort, headache, fatigue and other symptoms. Without treatment, the course of disease lasts 2 to 3 weeks.
Genital Herpes


3. Inoculated herpes simplex:


The virus is directly inoculated on normal skin or skin abrasions. After 5 to 7 days, local hard papules, bullae, or irregularly dispersed blisters will appear. Local lymph nodes will swell and systemic symptoms are generally mild. Fingertip vaccination causes herpetic gangrene, local redness and pain, and the blisters fuse into a honeycomb appearance or form bullae.

Recurrent infection herpes simplex


Compared with the primary infection, recurrent blisters are smaller and denser, generally lack systemic symptoms, and often do not involve the buccal mucosa. There was a local itching or burning sensation 1-2 hours before the rash, and then clustered blisters appeared on the inflammatory substrate, which usually healed within 7 to 10 days without leaving scars.

The face is most often affected (especially around the mouth) and can occur in other areas. Relapses are usually in the same area, but not always in the same area. Genital herpes recurrence is extremely common and manifests as clusters of small blisters and superficial ulcers.

Virus of Herpes Simplex

How does herpes simplex cause?


After understanding the symptoms of herpes simplex, friends of patients must find the symptoms of herpes simplex as soon as possible and put them into treatment as soon as possible. But many people are puzzled, how does herpes simplex cause it?

DNA virus herpes simplex virus infection (40%):


The disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus of DNA virus. Human herpes simplex virus is divided into two types, namely herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II).

Type I mainly causes genitals. Infections of skin, mucous membranes (oral mucosa) and organs (brain) other than type II mainly cause skin and mucous membrane infections in the genital area.

Herpes Transmission (20%):


The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract, oral cavity, genital mucosa and damaged skin, and resides in the normal mucosa, blood, saliva and sensory ganglion cells of the human body. When the body's resistance decreases, such as fever, gastrointestinal disorders, menstruation, pregnancy, lesions When infection and mood change, latent HSV is activated in the body. Human is the only natural host of herpes simplex virus.

This virus exists in the blister fluid, saliva and feces of patients, restorers or healthy carriers. The main transmission method is direct contact infection. It can also be transmitted through tableware contaminated by saliva. Indirect infection.

Source of infection (20%):


It is clinically divided into primary herpes simplex infection and recurrent herpes simplex virus infection. Primary herpes simplex infections are caused by contact with patients with herpes simplex.

Herpes simplex virus can be transmitted through the mouth-breathing, or through the skin and mucous membranes. Infections at the herpes lesions, such as the cornea, and herpes simplex virus infection in infected patients and asymptomatic detoxifiers.

The virus is present in their saliva and feces. Therefore, patients with this disease should avoid contact with other children and young infants. Recurrent herpes simplex The infection is caused by the activation of latent herpes simplex virus in the body, and there is currently no ideal method to prevent recurrence.

How to treat simple cell rash?

How to treat simple cell rash? At present, the most effective treatment method of traditional Chinese medicine inhibition therapy: genital herpes is a stubborn disease, and it is difficult to cure it. Traditional medicine has been helpless for genital herpes. Topical Hericon drugs are rich in highly active proteolytic enzymes, which can quickly dissolve the protein shell of the herpes virus, allowing the drug components to quickly enter the virus and destroy the gene chain.

In addition, antiviral treatment is also the main treatment for herpes simplex

1. Acyclovir (ACV) is an open-chain purine nucleoside, which can inhibit the synthesis of viral DNA and has less effect on the synthesis of host cell DNA. It is considered to be the most effective anti-HSV drug at present.
 In severe cases, it can be administered intravenously at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of body weight every 8 hours for a total of 5 to 7 days.

Ordinary patients can take orally, 200 mg each time, 5 times a day, or 800 mg each time, 2 times a day for a total of 5 to 7 days. It can reduce the virus quickly, reduce the symptoms and shorten the healing time. External use of 3% to 5% ACV ointment can also reduce symptoms and shorten the course of the disease. The drug has no significant side effects.

2. Hericang can obviously inhibit the replication of herpes virus and has a better effect on primary herpes.

3. Herikang can significantly inhibit the replication of herpes virus, and has a better effect on primary herpes.

What medicines are used for treatment?

Vaccines and immunosuppressants For patients with severe primary genital herpes and recurrent episodes, non-specific vaccines such as BCG and polio vaccines can be tried to improve the body's non-specific immunity, but their effects are less reliable and have immunosuppression And immunodeficiency patients.

Immune enhancers can be used in patients with recurrent genital herpes to improve the body's immune regulation. Such as levamisole, 50mg each time, 3 times a day, after taking 3 consecutive days, the drug is discontinued for 11 days, that is, 3 days every 2 weeks. You can also use levamisole coating solution, apply to the flexion of the forearm, once a day for 3 consecutive days. Take the medicine 3 days a week.

Chinese medicine external treatment method: Chinese medicine cream Hericang local symptoms can be eliminated within 30 days, increase exercise can not be lazy.

Can simple rash be cured?

I've been impressed to have seen a simple eczema on the face, and I hope this disease can be avoided. Can simple rash be cured? Doctors suggest to go to the hospital for treatment in time without too much mental load. Herpes simplex can be cured.

Herpes simplex is commonly called "fever herpes", which is a herpes skin disease caused by a virus. It often occurs in the course of fever and other fever diseases. Men, women, and children can occur in all seasons. A simple rash develops in a round-like development, with red rice dumplings with large rice or high grain size, pain and ulceration, and blisters.

Treatment is mainly symptomatic and to avoid secondary infections. Topical application is 2% gentian violet solution, 0.5% neomycin ointment, etc. Only when you pay attention to exercise, improve your immunity, and stop the outbreak of herpes virus is the only way to cure herpes simplex.

Is herpes simplex transmitted?


To understand herpes simplex, it is natural to know whether it is contagious.

Is herpes simplex transmitted? What aspects of life should you pay attention to to prevent herpes simplex?


Herpes simplex is an acute herpes dermatosis caused by the herpes simplex virus. Humans are the only natural host for herpes simplex virus. The virus exists in the blister fluid, saliva and feces of patients, restorers, or healthy carriers.
The main method is direct contact infection, and it can also be transmitted indirectly through tableware contaminated with saliva.

There are three things to note about preventing herpes simplex:


1. Keep the skin clean and take a bath every day. In hot weather, you can wash 2-3 times a day. Dress appropriately and don't sweat too much.

2. to protect the skin from damage, clothes, and bedding should be soft. Cut your nails frequently to avoid scratching the cuticle.

3. Avoid contact with people with skin infections. Wash your hands frequently.




April 07, 2022
Twitter Facebook

 

Typhoid Etiology and Pathogenesis

Meaning of Typhoid: Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by typhoid. The lesion is characterized by the proliferation of cells in the whole body monocyte macrophage system. The lesions in the lymphatic tissue at the terminal ileum were the most prominent. The main clinical manifestations are persistent fever, symptoms of neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal symptoms, relative slowness, splenomegaly, skin roseola and reduction of neutrophils and eosinophils. Sometimes serious complications such as intestinal bleeding and intestinal perforation can occur.

Etiology and pathogenesis

 Group D in the genus Salmonella typhi, Gram-negative. Its bacterial "O" antigen, flagella "H" antigen and "Vi" antigen on the surface can cause the body to produce corresponding antibodies, especially "O" and "H" antigens are strong, so serum agglutination test (fat response), Widal Reaction) to determine the increase in antibodies in serum, can be used as a basis for clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever. Endotoxin released during bacterial lysis is the main cause of disease.

Typhoids or carriers are the source of the disease. Bacteria are excreted with feces and urine, contaminate food, drinking water, milk, etc., or infect the alimentary canal through flies. It is more common in children and young adults. Onset can occur throughout the year, with the most in summer and autumn. After the illness, a relatively stable immunity can be obtained, and rarely reinfected.

Typhoid bacteria are mostly destroyed in the stomach. Whether or not the disease mainly depends on various factors such as the amount of bacteria reaching the stomach.

When the amount of infected bacteria is large (105), the bacteria can enter the small intestine through the small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and invade the lymphatic tissue of the intestinal wall, especially the collective lymph nodes or solitary lymph nodes at the end of the ileum. And along the lymphatic vessels to reach the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Typhoid bacteria in lymphoid tissues are engulfed by macrophages, grow and reproduce in them, and can enter the blood through the chest duct, causing bacteremia.

Bacteria in the blood are quickly swallowed by the cells of the whole body mononuclear macrophage system, and multiply in them, causing enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
During this period, the patient has no clinical symptoms, so it is called the incubation period, which is about 10 days. Thereafter, as the bacteria multiply and the endotoxin is released into the bloodstream again, the patient develops symptoms of sepsis and toxemia.

Because a large amount of typhoid bacteria in the gallbladder enters the intestine again with bile, it repeatedly invades the sensitized lymphoid tissue, causing it to have a strong allergic reaction, causing intestinal mucosal necrosis, shedding and ulcer formation.

Typhoid Pathology

Typhoid Pathological changes and clinicopathological connections

The inflammation caused by typhoid bacteria is an acute proliferative inflammation characterized by macrophage proliferation. When hyperplasia is active, typhoid bacteria, red blood cells, and cell debris are phagocytosed in the macrophage cytoplasm, and the role of phagocytosis of red blood cells is particularly obvious.

This macrophage is called typhoid. Typhoid cells often aggregate into clusters and form small nodules called typhoid granuloma or typhoid nodule. They are characteristic lesions of typhoid and have pathological diagnostic value.

Typhoid granuloma


Intestinal lesions

Typhoid intestinal lesions are the most common and obvious lesions in the lower ileum and solitary lymph nodes. According to the development process of the disease, it is divided into four stages, and each stage lasts about one week.

(1) Myeloid swelling period:

In the first week of onset, the lymph tissue in the lower ileum is slightly swollen, bulging on the surface of the mucosa, gray-red, soft. The surface of the raised tissue resembles the sulcus of the brain, and the collective lymph nodes are most typical.

(2) Necrosis period

Occurred in the second week after the onset of the disease, and local intestinal mucosal necrosis of the lesion was caused by various reasons.

(3) Ulcer stage

ulcers are formed after the mucous membrane of necrotic intestine is shed. The edge of the ulcer is raised and the bottom is uneven. The major axis of ulcers in the collective lymph nodes is parallel to the major axis of the intestine. The ulcers in the solitary lymph nodes are small and round.

Ulcers are usually deep and submucosal, and severe necrosis can reach the muscle layer and serosa layer, and even perforation, such as invasion of small arteries, can cause severe bleeding. This period usually occurs in the third week of onset.

(4) Healing period

This is equivalent to the fourth week of onset. The granulation tissue of the ulcer filled it with hyperplasia, and the epithelium of the edge of the ulcer regenerated and covered and healed.
Typhoid Intestinal Disease A: Myeloid swelling, B: Necrotic, C: Ulcer

2, other lesions Mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen and bone marrow due to the activation of macrophages cause the corresponding tissues and organs to enlarge. Microscopic examination showed typhoid granuloma and focal necrosis.

Myocardial fibers may have edema or even necrosis, renal tubular epithelial cells may have edema and pale red papules (roseola) appear on the skin. Coagulation necrosis often occurs in the diaphragm, rectus abdominis and adductor muscles transsexual).

Clinically, myalgia and skin irritation occur. Most patients with typhoid fever have no obvious lesions in the gallbladder, but typhoid bacteria can multiply in bile.
Even after the patient's clinical recovery, the bacteria can still survive in the bile and be excreted from the intestine through the bile.
They are still carriers in a certain period of time, and some patients can even become chronic carriers or carriers for life.

Typhoid patients may have complications such as intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, and bronchial pneumonia. If there are no complications, it usually heals in 4-5 weeks. Chronic infections can also affect joints, bones, meninges and other areas.



Share on Social Media for Personal Safety and Professional Development of all >>

April 07, 2022
Twitter Facebook

 

What is Coxsackie Virus (IgG)?

Coxsackie virus is an enteric virus that is divided into two types, a and b, which generally spread in summer and autumn. Coxsackie virus is prevalent. It can infect humans through faecal and respiratory worm vectors, which can lead to viremia and affect all organs in the body. It mainly affects the meninges, heart, skin and muscles. Common Coxsackie A infections are more common in children. In addition, B virus infection is very easy to cause meningitis, myocarditis, fever, hepatitis, hemolytic anemia and pneumonia. Coxsackie virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the blood type through the placenta, so prevention is very important, especially for pregnant women.

What Coxsackie virus can cause?

Coxsackie virus can cause hand, foot and mouth disease, and it can also cause herpetic angina. Generally herpes angina and hand, foot and mouth disease are self-limiting diseases. Within a week or so, various symptoms can be alleviated and completely cured.

A few will have related complications. Children with complications may have sequelae. If not treated well, the diseases caused by coxsackie virus cannot heal themselves, so it should also be taken seriously.

Coxsackie virus-induced hand-foot-mouth disease and herpes angina may cause complications such as myocarditis, liver inflammation, meningoencephalitis and even brainstem encephalitis.

The most serious is brainstem encephalitis, which can cause severe hand-foot-mouth disease or herpes angina, which is likely to be life-threatening and must be taken seriously.


Coxsackie virus infection transmitted from family to group

Coxsackievirus B is an enterovirus. Coxsackie virus infection is more common and can be transmitted from family to group or from vertical to the fetus through the placenta. Determination of Coxsackievirus B antigen or antibody in serum is of certain value in the diagnosis of certain diseases. Coxsackie virus infection can cause aseptic encephalitis, myocarditis, pediatric pneumonia, diarrhea in children, muscle weakness, myalgia, dilated cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, ocular conjunctivitis, hand-foot-mouth syndrome, adolescent type 1 diabetes, pregnant women Early abortion, etc.



Diagram Showing Coxsackievirus (IgG)

Coxsackievirus (IgG) Basic Information

    Examination specimen: blood
    Test method: blood biochemistry
    Inspection Category: Microbiological Testing
    Inspection item: virus bacteria
    Related diseases:

Coxsackie virus (IgG) interpretation

    Normal indicators: negative
    Abnormal indicators: positive
    Inspection analysis:
    IgM antibody is positive, which indicates the current infection; IgG antibody is positive, and IgM antibody is negative, which indicates previous infection.

People suitable:    Coxsackie virus infected patients, auxiliary examination of clinical diseases

What are the Inspection considerations for Coxsackie virus?

Blood sampling is generally taken from venous blood. Except for special requirements, venous blood tests generally require blood sampling in the morning. Minimize exercise before blood sampling. Do not eat food. Keep an empty stomach and drink a small amount of water. The amount of blood drawn is generally 2-20 ml, and the maximum will not exceed 50 ml.

1. Fasting should be done after 8 pm on the day before blood drawing. Avoid drinking a lot of alcohol on the day before blood drawing. The alcohol content in blood will directly lead to increase or decrease in results.

2. Do not do strenuous exercise in the morning and sleep adequately at night before blood drawing.

3. Should not be too tired or violently stimulated by cold or heat before blood drawing.

4. Don't wear clothes with too tight cuffs, to avoid arm hematoma caused by tight sleeves after blood drawing or blood tightness.

5. When you draw blood, you should relax and avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, which will increase the difficulty of collecting blood.

6. Immediately release the fist after the blood is drawn, and press the puncture site with a sterilized dry cotton block. You need to press the needle hole and the area two centimeters into the needle for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. At the same time loosen the sleeves of the crotch to help stop bleeding. Do not rub the puncture site, so as not to cause “blood” in the local congestion, and do not touch the puncture site to avoid infection.

7. Take a 15-minute rest after taking blood, and sit or lie down to rest. Try to keep the blood drawing arm clean and sanitary within 24 hours after the blood is drawn, and do not take a shower or sauna. If congestion occurs locally, a wet towel after 24 hours can promote absorption.


Share on Social Media for Personal Safety and Professional Development of all >>
April 07, 2022
Twitter Facebook

 

Diagnosis and Treatment of ECHO Virus Infection

ECHO virus infection (ECHO virus infection), infection caused by ECHO virus. After infection with this virus, humans develop symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and respiratory tract. Severe cases can have heart, liver, brain and other organ lesions. Most popular in summer and autumn. 

This virus and the Coxsackie virus often co-exist and are widely distributed throughout the world. The incidence of children is much higher than that of adults. Patients and people with the virus are the source of infection. They are mainly transmitted through the intestine. They can also be transmitted through the respiratory tract in the early stages of infection. The virus can also pass to the fetus through the placenta, causing intrauterine infection.

The first strain of ECHO virus was isolated from rectal swabs of healthy children during a 1950 investigation of poliovirus. Because it was not assigned to an existing virus genus at that time, and it was not aware of its relationship with human diseases, Call it an "orphan virus". 

In 1955, it was officially named ECHO virus, which is the abbreviation of enteric cytopathic human orphan virus. Many serotypes have been discovered in the future. The ECHO virus is now an enterovirus of the picornaviridae family. The virus is highly resistant, resistant to ether and 70% ethanol and 5% coal phenol soap, but it is very sensitive to oxidants.
ECHO Virus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment

What is the Clinical manifestation of Enterovirus infection?

The virus can be transmitted to various organs through the blood circulation, causing a wide range of lesions. The clinical manifestations vary with the organs it invades, mainly causing the following diseases:

i.  Nervous system diseases. There are mainly aseptic meningitis, muscle relaxation paralysis, encephalitis, ataxia, Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute infectious polyradiculoneuritis). 

ii. Epidemic chest pain. It is mainly manifested by paroxysmal severe muscle pain, which is common in the chest and can affect breathing movements. Children also often complain of abdominal pain, which is easily misdiagnosed as appendicitis. Shock may even occur during severe pain. The course of disease is usually 5 to 7 days, and myalgia can recur.

iii. Rash. Prone to occur in young children, and may be accompanied by ocular conjunctivitis. 

In 1951, the epidemic of maculopapular rash in Boston, USA, named "Boston rash", manifested as rash on the first and second days of low fever, distributed on the face, chest, hips and limbs. The condition is mild. 

iv. Respiratory diseases. Some types of ECHO virus can cause mild upper respiratory tract infections, with fever, sore throat, and general malaise, and are often prevalent in young children. Sometimes it can cause lower respiratory tract infections, and lethal pneumonia in individual cases.

v. Gastrointestinal diseases. Presentation of diarrhea. 

vi. Eye disease

vii. Myocarditis

What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Enterovirus infection?

Diagnosis can be confirmed based on epidemiological data, typical clinical manifestations, virology and serology. Currently there is no specific treatment, mainly symptomatic treatment.


Share on Social Media for Personal Safety and Professional Development of all >>

Contact Form

Name

Email *

Message *

Powered by Blogger.
Javascript DisablePlease Enable Javascript To See All Widget