Competition Between Civil Servants of Various Countries
Civil servants of various countries compete, Indians cry
Due to the title of iron rice bowl, civil
servants are enviable professions in many countries and are sought after by the
public.
Is it difficult for civil servants to test? Is the treatment so
high in the legend? Are there any systems or measures to ensure that they are
self-contained?
How difficult is the civil service exam in each country?
India: "The
hardest exam in the world".
Being a civil servant in India is considered "very
face-saving" and is the industry of Emperor Guangzong. Favorable treatment
and high social status are the main reasons for Indians to apply for civil
servants.
In India, the number of civil servants recruited by the state
is very small, the competition is extremely fierce, and it is said to be
"the hardest test in the world". The "National Examination"
is organized by the Indian Federation of Civil Servants Commission. Once a
year, hundreds of thousands of people apply each time, and only 300 to 600 people
are admitted. The admission rate is about one-thousandth. The exam is divided
into three stages: preliminary test, main test and interview. The content
includes current affairs, history, geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry,
flora and fauna, and psychology. Successful candidates are assigned to the
administrative, diplomatic and police departments of the central government
based on their performance. Although the examination is extremely strict, it is
relatively fair, which has become an opportunity for many children to change
their destiny and enter the ranks of the national elite.
South Korea: Fierce competition spawns tuition industry
Occupational stability coupled with good social security and
retirement systems, civil servants are also referred to as "god
occupations" in Korea. The Civil Service Examination, the Judicial
Examination and the Foreign Affairs (Diplomatic) Examination are also referred
to as the three most popular examinations in Korea.
Due to the fierce competition, many Koreans will take special
tuition classes before the exam, which has also led to a three major exam
tuition industry.
The tuition fee for such tuition courses is generally around
300,000 won (approximately 2,200 yuan), plus the teaching materials fee of more
than 100,000 won, and the two-month tuition will cost at least 500,000 won.
In
Seoul, tuition classes for the three major exams gathered together, and a
"test village" was formed.
Thailand: Selection staged "choose a thousand miles"
Although there is no national enrollment test, the young
people in Thailand are not enthusiastic about applying for civil servants, and
the difficulty of obtaining them has also become increasingly difficult.
Taking
2012 as an example, the Bangkok municipal government recruited 79 new civil
servants, and as a result, 67,000 college students signed up.
Among them, the
number of applicants for the 15 positions of "General Administrator"
is as many as 34,000. The Bangkok city government had so many people having a
written test on the same day because they could not find the venue.
French civil servants enjoy no less than 25 types of
subsidies: bicycle subsidies, clothing subsidies, shoe subsidies, small
decorative subsidies, and strange subsidies such as subsidies for buying
underwear or lost clothing.
Nowadays, in some post examinations that only
require diplomas for secondary school graduation examinations, there are more
and more master's examinations, and in the post examinations in the Senate
Communication Room, there are actually doctors. This makes the test questions
for all types of civil servants in France very demanding.
Australia: The number of procedures is staggering
Recruitment of civil servants in Australia is often divided
into many parts, including telephone interviews, IQ tests, writing skills
tests, laws and regulations tests, individual interviews, group interviews,
etc.
Usually three interviewers will come during the interview At the same
time, you, and these three interviewers will usually have a certain degree of
attention, which must first be balanced from the gender, one person is the
opposite sex of the other two.
From the source point of view, an
interviewer must be from this In the other departments of the unit, one is the
supervisor of the employing department, and the last one must be invited from
an external unit to ensure mutual supervision.
Also, from the perspective of the
locale, one of the three must have a native language other than English.
There are various requirements for interviewers from different sources, different races,
and genders, so as to ensure that the final interview results can be more
objective and fair.
How good are civil servants in each country? United Kingdom: elite control, good benefits
The vast majority of British civil servants are top students
from prestigious schools.
According to a 2012 survey report, 62% of the British
Foreign Office's civil servants graduated from Oxford University and Cambridge
University; and among senior civil servants in other departments, this
proportion is as high as 55%.
British civil servants work from nine to five. Generally
speaking, the work intensity is not large, the salary level is maintained at
medium level, and the pension is still generous, which is an attractive
occupation.
The starting salary of an ordinary civil servant is usually
between 25,000 pounds and 27,000 pounds per year, and after working for four or
five years, it can reach the level of 45,000 pounds per year.
According to a
data disclosed at the beginning of 2014, London's per capita pre-tax salary in
2012 was 41,597 pounds, so the average salary of general public employees is
basically the middle level in society.
Although British civil servants are not well paid, their
benefits are good. Many can implement flexible working system or work from
home, leisure and entertainment, child care and care, and even children's
holiday activities, there are related guarantees. The main benefit is the
pension.
Norway: average income, wins over stability
In Norway, the government, hospitals, schools, kindergartens
and nursing homes belong to the public sector, and a person is an employee in
terms of labor relations, regardless of whether he is employed in the public or
private sector.
The salary of employees is related to education, seniority and
position. The salary of the same position in the private sector will be about
200,000 crowns higher than that in the public sector. But public sector jobs
are stable and the probability of unemployment is low.
Employees in both the public and private sectors in Norway
participate in a unified and centralized universal insurance plan, with the
same standard of payment, with 8.2% of wages paid as social security benefits.
Regardless of the industry, as long as you participate in social security and
pay according to regulations, the same standards apply in terms of
unemployment, medical care, maternity and family benefits.
However, in order to
attract high-quality talents to work in the public sector, the government has
some preferential policies for public sector employees in terms of pensions.
Singapore: Low pay and strict constraints
Singapore public agency employees include employees of
ministries and other "statutory agencies" that provide public services.
Salaries include fixed monthly wages and bonuses (generally equivalent to a
fixed salary of 2 to 4 months).
Civil servants are roughly divided into four categories
according to their jobs: the first category is professional and managerial
talents that require a university degree.
The second category is executives.
The third category is technical staff. The fourth category is low-skilled jobs.
Different classifications also mean different career paths and salary levels.
It is widely rumored that Singaporean civil servants are
"highly paid", but it does not reflect the full picture of
Singaporean civil service treatment.
In 2012, the monthly salary of the fourth
category of civil servants was between S $ 860 (S $ 1 and US $ 0.75) and S $
1,540, which is considered a low income locally.
Singapore's civil servants work steadily, but they have
strict discipline and financial constraints. There are strict regulations on
the use of public buses and official banquets, and personal financial
conditions must also be strictly declared. And implement the "bare
salary" principle, which is monetization. Even senior civil servants have
no housing allocation, car allocation or other extra-wage subsidies, and
pensions have gradually been abolished.
However, Singapore adheres to the
concept of ruling the country by elites. For some positions, especially
high-level positions that clearly need to show leadership skills, it still
offers market-competitive salary and can be adjusted according to market
conditions and capacity.
South Korea: Socially sought after, severely divided
There are many examination subjects for Korean civil
servants, and the requirements for different levels of civil servants are
different. It is more difficult to take the exam, so the basics of being a
Korean civil servant are elites in various fields.
Due to their stable income, good working environment and high
social status, they can also enjoy comprehensive pension and medical benefits
after retirement. Korean civil servants have always been called "iron rice
bowls."
South Korean general civil servants (except for government
affairs such as the president and the prime minister) are divided into 9
levels, with the highest level being 1 and the lowest level being 9.
According
to the Civil Service Annuity Law, Korean civil service income includes basic
wages, subsidies and benefits. However, different levels of posts also have
large income differences.
United States of America: Good welfare? High cost.
Compared with other industries, American civil servants are
not well paid and their salary increases are slow, but they are rich in
benefits, covering all aspects of life, death, illness and death, and they have
high occupational stability.
For example, the benefits of state employees
generally include medical insurance, dental insurance, disability insurance,
life insurance and retirement benefits, which are much better than many large
US companies, and they need to pay less for themselves.
Taken together, this
profession has been able to lead a decent material life. Compared with other
industries, its "comparative advantage" cannot be underestimated.
But in the eyes of the public, civil servants use taxpayer
money to do things for taxpayers. And being an official, whether it is a big
official or a small official, you have to give up some of the rights of
ordinary citizens, such as the right to privacy.
The personal data of US civil
servants, including salary and seniority, are readily available online. The law
also expressly stipulates that gifts and banquets of more than 25 US dollars
(about 155 yuan) cannot be accepted.
Corruption in any circumstances must be
investigated and offenders severely punished in accordance with the bribery
law.
There is a saying circulating in American folk:
"If you want to make
a fortune at a company, do your studies to a university, you must be an
official in the White House." It can be seen that in the United States, it
is not feasible to become an official and to get rich.
In EU are European citizens holding a golden bowl?
In Europe, there is a group often referred to as
"European citizens holding golden rice bowls". They are EU civil
servants.
EU civil servants have high salaries and good benefits. Being
an EU civil servant is the dream of many Europeans, but its threshold is also
high.
In order to step into the ranks of EU civil servants, they must be smart,
have a wealth of knowledge and experience, be familiar with European issues,
and speak at least two foreign languages.
The European Union stipulates that
civil servants cannot be admitted without open recruitment. The test not only
examines the respondent's ability, knowledge, and understanding of the history,
reality, and EU law of the candidate, but all candidates take the second
language instead of their own language.
EU institutions currently have an
average admission rate of only 3%. Once hired, a 9-month internship period will
be required, and the internship period will not be considered a formal offer.
What are the measures of civil servants in various countries to fight corruption? Japan: Cleanliness can keep the job
In Japan, civil servants are a stable, hard to get fired, and
able to take a normal vacation. However, the obligations that civil servants
must abide by and various rules and regulations oblige Japanese civil servants
to clean themselves, or they will lose their jobs.
In Japan, penalties are imposed on offenders among civil
servants every year. In October 2010, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government
announced the dismissal and warning of 18 civil servants.
One of the bus
drivers directly collected the passenger's car money without putting it in the
cash register on the bus.
The subway driver illegally received overtime pay
of 800,000 yen ($ 1, or about 82 yen) for 7 years. A bus driver broke a red
light.
According to relevant regulations, Japanese civil servants
must obey the orders of their superiors, keep secrets, prohibit strikes,
participate in political activities, drink and drive, and fight.
France: rules from speaking to wages
Compared with many European countries, the ranks of French
civil servants are relatively large. Civil servants are a popular profession
because of stable work and rich policy benefits.
However, France has strict
management of civil servants, and higher-ranking civil servants are subject to
more restrictions, and there are special demarcation lines from speaking in the
mouth to receiving salaries.
The French Civil Servants 'General Regulations stipulate that
civil servants' right to freedom of speech is limited due to the special nature
of their profession, and is called "restraint to retain
reservations."
Any point of view must be cautious and consistent with the
position of the state and government.
In 1988, France enacted the Law on the Transparency of
Political Life Funds and began to implement the property declaration system.
In
the same year, it also established a "Transparency Committee on Political
Life Funds" to review the property status of government members,
parliament chairmen and mayors in accordance with the law, and Investigate
property of unknown origin.
It is reported that at present, the declaration rate for
persons with property declaration obligations in France is 100%. At present,
the most serious case of being sentenced for suspecting the source of the
property is the acceptance of bribes and kickbacks by the enterprise, and the
officials involved are sentenced to 3 years in prison.
Singapore: Strong anti-corruption creates clean country
The Singaporean government enjoys a reputation of integrity
in the world and is recognized as one of the "least corrupt
countries".
Corruption has also become the "crossing rat" that
the society as a whole despise. But today's excellence doesn't happen
overnight.
The Corruption Investigation Bureau of Singapore is directly
under the Prime Minister's Office. The Director is only responsible to the
Prime Minister and is not under the direction of anyone else.
The powers of the
officials of the Bureau of Investigation are strictly guaranteed by law, and
their work procedures have detailed regulations to ensure that they act in
accordance with the law.
On the premise of receiving reasonable allegations, reliable information, or reasonable doubts, the Bureau of Investigation may independently exercise its special powers of investigation, right of forced search, right to undocumented arrest, seizure and seizure of documents or items of property, and restrictions on transferring property.
In addition, the secret investigation power also enables the Bureau of Investigation to conduct investigations on top of the government on its own, without interference from other national agencies.
United States: Public interest over personal privacy
In the United States, being an official is not a good job.
Those working in the US government must answer a "privacy"
questionnaire.
The entire questionnaire is 7 pages long and contains 63
questions, covering everything from family member information, personal web
pages, blogs to relationships with financial institutions, legal disputes that
have been involved, and debt status.
The names and contact details of
cohabiting partners are not missed. This "privacy" questionnaire
didn't give officials more room: either to be open or to be an ordinary
citizen.
On the basis of the "Code of Ethics for Government
Officials and Employees" passed in 1965, the United States Congress
enacted the "Government Conduct Ethics Act" in 1978. This was for formally
establishing a system for declaration of official property, requiring all types
of senior officials and spouses and children to declare truthfully Your own
property and income.
The scope of property declaration covers almost all areas of life:
Property and its income, sales transactions, gifts, compensation, travel,
debt, part-time income other than government work, and even the food produced
and livestock raised must be declared.
EU: limited gray income
The European Commission, which employs more than 20,000
people, has a large number of civil servants but few cases of corruption. EU
civil servants file very few cases each year for corruption and bribery.
What are the secrets of EU integrity?
First of all, in terms of policy formulation, in order to
avoid bribery of officials, the European Union has long considered the setting
of the organizational structure and avoided the possibility of a single
decision.
The new commission Juncker cabinet is adjusted in the division of
duties of the EU's top official members, and no decision is counted by a
certain official. This cuts off the root motive of bribing EU officials.
In addition, senior officials of the European Commission also
regularly change positions to avoid the monopoly power of individual officials.
In addition, for EU officials, the limited gray income is
simply not comparable to the "golden rice bowl" that cannot be lost.
