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                      Top  Well being Tips for Males and Females

In day today's life every one is busy with their stuffs and they usually don't get time to look after their health and to take care of themselves. Here are some simple fitness tips for mens and womens to better their health and well being:

1. Eat solid edibles

Nutritious food varieties give you energy and may lessen your possibilities getting specific infections. Incorporate vegetables, foods grown from the ground free or low-fat milk items.

2. Maintain a solid body mass

Being large or overweight can expand your possibilities getting a stroke, coronary illness, hypertension and diabetes. 

Discover your weight file (BMI-Body Mass Index) to check whether or not you are in danger. 

Along these lines, get more dynamic, eat good food varieties and control your piece sizes.

3. Get moving

Normal actual work is very fundamental for your well being. Look for a decent simple exercise to begin with.

4. Be sans smoke

Smoking is related with a significant number of the main sources of death, like stroke, lung illness and disease. Additionally, swear off recycled smoke.

5. Get standard screening and tests

Get some information about how frequently you expect to be inspected. Continuously request evaluating tests for certain circumstances and sicknesses, including physically sent diseases, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, specific kinds of malignant growth and hypertension.

6. Manage pressure

Adjusting family and work commitments can be extreme. 

Nonetheless, it is fundamental to safeguard your physical and mental prosperity. Track down solid choices to assist you with adapting to pressure.

7. Getting sufficient rest

Absence of appropriate rest can influence your state of mind and your well being. Check with your wellbeing specialist in the event that you think you have a major issue. 

8. Know your dangers

Figure out what your way of life might mean for your gamble of medical conditions. For example, men who work with specific synthetic substances expect to make defensive strides. 

Figure out how to monitor your family clinical history and talk about this with your well being professional.

9. Stay safe

Security represents numerous things, for example, wearing head protectors, safety belts, keeping well being guidelines at work and furthermore having working smoke alarms. 

It likewise implies utilizing insurance during sex, wearing sunscreen, cleaning up routinely and dealing with your teeth.

It's vital to practice routinely. While that is been sound guidance for a long time, unfortunately exceptionally a few people are following it. 

Taking into account that in the wake of missing fourteen days of activity schedules limit begins to diminish, obviously practice is the way to progress. Here you will observe extreme aide for health and wellbeing tips and you will figure out how to carry on with more solid and fit way of life.

Numerous people are normally really meager and can likewise appears to be a piece off-kilter. 

You can put it on hereditary variables or whatever, but their body simply won't add any mass.

Wellness has never been of much significance in the present life where both the people are enjoying the multiple ways of hurting his/her body; smoking, drinking, unhealthy food with no actual work or exercise, dozing late around evening time and moreover. However, human is adequately shrewd to track down the ways of including all out wellness into their lives to conquer impacts of the pressure.

●      Peruse Product Labels

Basic, correct? Anyway we all don't get it done. We base our choices on a case shows up and factors like expense. The thing mark records the quantity of the sustenance and calories, the food contains. 

It's genuinely easy to acknowledge how much sugar, fat, and fake fixings each thing involves. Being educated is the underlying advance toward a far solid eating regimen.

If you want to put on weight, simply consume 500 extra calories every day, except remember to initially design a healthfully balance diet containing proper measures of proteins, starches and fats along with miniature supplements like minerals and nutrients.

Also, simply keep away from healthfully poor/void food. You could wind up putting weight at some unacceptable spots, as well as raising your cholesterol and disturbing your blood insulin levels. 

Monitoring the number of calories you eat in a day will be useful in the preparation out your actual working out.

At any point can't help thinking about why the muscle heads' weights are so large? That is on the grounds that they plan out their suppers and take in more solid calories than a normal individual. 

Then again, shedding pounds and making progress toward a skinnier build will include more actual exercise than the calories you ingest.

●      Keep away from Canned or Frozen Food

I realize these merchandise simplify life. In any case, buying your food new suggests it - lower in compounds, more extravagant in supplements, and by and large better.

●      Make certain to Get Enough Sleep

Despite the fact that the vast majority of us have eight-hour occupations during day or night, it's essential to get sufficient rest to re-energize our body's batteries. Six to eight hours of rest will move your body along over the course of the day.

Yet, assuming you end up feeling tired anytime subsequent to returning home from the work, by all means lay down for a little rest before the working out. 

You should just rest for about thirty minutes. This will keep you from remaining up later in night.

●      Drink Plenty of Water

What you drink is as vital to your wellbeing. However, you want to guarantee that you're not drinking extra-calories. 

A common rule is to drink refreshments, that are plain. Creator espressos, refreshments, and sugar drinks contain sugar substitution, a lot of sugar, or calories. 

Drinking sufficient water is one of most significant wellness tips. It is suggested that one should drink somewhere around 3-4 liters of water each day. 

Water keeps up with the level of our organic liquids, scrubs our framework and hydrates our skin.

●      Practice Daily

You should exercise day by day for at minimum 60 minutes. You don't need to off yourself from running, running, and so forth, however you ought to have some kind of moderate actual work or action in your day to day existence and schedule. 

Assuming you are hoping to shed a couple of pounds quick, do a more elevated level power exercise or exercise.

For instance, go on a stroll at a lively speed for no less than 60 minutes. Or on the other hand, you can run and set the specific stretches to run during that hour. 

Ensure you're not in the extreme torment during your exercise. 

It very well might be bothering, yet it implies that your body is improving. Make certain to remain hydrated, stretch, and eat food varieties with a nice measure of the protein after every exercise.

●       Nibble Around

Have 3 snacks per day in the middle of the 3 dinners. 

A mix of 3 dinners and 3 snacks a day is perfect. Simply make sure to remain off undesirable tidbits.

Instead, you can attempt nutritious food sources like nuts, seeds, natural products, cheddar, and so forth.

●        Wellness Diet

   Food choices

The thought is to pack in calories and put on weight without heaping on overabundance weight. 

Pepper your eating routine with healthfully rich food sources like potatoes, corn, earthy colored rice, earthy colored bread, bananas alongside other such fatty food sources.

a). Keep up with the wellness diet with vegetables, organic products, proteins, starches, unsaturated fats, mono-unsaturated fat, poly-unsaturated fat and different supplements.

b). Keep away from handled food, unhealthy food and other food with the soaked and trans-fat substance.

Your dinner should incorporate a wide scope of food varieties - bland food varieties, protein rich food varieties, calorie rich food sources, stimulating oils, and a few food sources wealthy in fiber, similar to vegetables and natural products.

●      Eat More Often

Taking 3 gigantic suppers and more prominent spans, it is experimentally demonstrated that 5 more modest dinners at 4 hour stretches would be better and is the secret to get you far from the gorging.

It is additionally extremely indispensable to eat lesser in these suppers as day advances.

●      Follow A Healthy Lifestyle

Try not to smoke, drinking, handled food, low quality food, food varieties with elevated cholesterol, salt, sugar and the oil.

●      Try not to Skip Your Meals

You ought to never avoid your suppers which is actually an unfortunate quirk. Try not to avoid 3 day by day suggested suppers - breakfast, lunch and supper.

Make your morning meal and lunch huge, yet keep the supper somewhat light, as dozing on a full midsection isn't really great for well being by and large. It ruins your metabolic cycle and makes it more challenging to process to additional dinners.

In the event that you regularly avoid your morning meal, you might be set out toward inconvenience, says Leah Cahill, PhD, of the Harvard School of Public Health.

 "As we rest all the night we are fasting, thus in the event that we consistently don't 'break quick' toward the beginning of the day, it places a strain on our bodies that throughout the time can prompt the sort 2 diabetes, insulin obstruction and pulse issues."

Assuming you are thinking about fasting consistently, talk with an enlisted dietitian or other sustenance genius to guarantee that you're getting an adequate number of nutrients, protein, minerals, and fundamental unsaturated fats in your bites and dinners.

●      Try not to Wait Till You Are Hungry

One of the most essential signals your body conveys is the one for hunger. That natural stomach snarl tells us it is an ideal opportunity to eat something. Ghrelin, the body's craving chemical, is delivered in pancreas and the stomach coating and attempts to animate hunger.

Regardless of whether you incline toward 6 more modest dinners or 3 primary suppers daily, listen constantly to your body letting you know it's full. In the event that you have furnished it with the enough energy, it will tell you, normally inside 20 minutes after your supper time. 

Eat before you feel food cravings, since you will quite often eat more than the necessary sum when you feel hunger.

Whenever our glucose drops genuinely low, we will generally get all the food we can get our hands on. This is clearly not great when you are attempting to lose your weight.

Wellbeing and Fitness Tips For Women

Despite the fact that there are numerous logical reasons that men are more grounded than the ladies, it doesn't imply that wellness practices and the exercise are just implied for men.

●      The following are the wellness tips for the ladies that set them up well towards the actual activities and exercises.

●      The bones of ladies are inclined to become more vulnerable and more delicate  when they step in their 30s. 

    It's essential that they take unique consideration of their bones, and attempt to remember more calcium for their eating routine.

●      Focusing on your eating regimen, and never avoid your suppers in anticipation of shedding pounds faster. IT NEVER WORKS AT ALL.

●      Incorporate iron and the folic acids into your eating regimen for better blood flow, by polishing off a greater amount of green verdant vegetables, juices, beans, chicken, and so on

●  Snare on to the cardio, either by joining a rec center or basically running or climbing the steps. Any sort of cardio is really great for you.

●      Get a bit of 'personal time', to renew your energy and re-energize your psyche and the body. Go out for a walk, Read a book, or pay attention to alleviating music. Anything causes you to feel loose.

●      Eliminate the liquor, as it has never done well to both of genders. Ladies are prescribed not to polish off in excess of 14 units of the liquor seven days (contingent upon the strength of alcohol).

Final Words

The article mentions how the boys and girls will take care of their health and wellness.

 Hope you will like the tips and if you like it please feel free to comment...

Introduction to Novel Coronavirus Detection Kits

Novel coronavirus detection kits can be divided into two categories according to the testing principle: one is nucleic acid detection kits, and the other is antibody detection kits, both of which are clinically used to diagnose new coronavirus infection.

Nucleic acid detection kit

How to use the nucleic acid detection kit: use a large throat swab to non-invasively collect samples from the respiratory tract, and then test for the nucleic acid (viral RNA) of the new coronavirus to determine whether the sample provider is infected with the new coronavirus.

The working principle of the nucleic acid detection kit is roughly as follows: by extracting RNA from patient samples, performing reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), amplifying the trace virus information in the sample through amplification reaction, and finally using fluorescence way to read the signal. 

If the signal is positive after PCR, then it can be said that the virus is present in the sample (already infected), otherwise it means that there is no infection.

The components of the nucleic acid detection kit: reaction solution, enzyme mixture, negative control substance and positive control substance. The positive control was a pseudovirus mixture containing ORF1ab and N genes.

Antibody Detection Kit

The method of using the antibody detection kit is to collect blood samples and detect whether the blood contains new coronavirus antibodies IgM and IgG, so as to determine whether the sample provider is infected with the new coronavirus. 

(After the human body is infected with the new coronavirus, the immune system will produce IgG and IgM antibodies against the new coronavirus).

The working principle of the antibody detection kit is roughly as follows: after the new coronavirus infects the human body, it stimulates plasma cells to produce specific antibodies. Using the principle of specific binding of antigens and antibodies, the existence of antibodies can be detected through antigens, thereby indirectly proving that the human body has been infected with the new type of antibody.

Coronavirus. The detected antibodies are mainly divided into two categories: IgM and IgG.

At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the generation and duration of these two types of antibodies to the new coronavirus. 

Under normal circumstances, IgM antibodies are produced early, and once infected, they are rapidly produced, maintained for a short time, and disappear quickly.

A positive test in blood can be used as an indicator of early infection. IgG antibodies are produced late, last for a long time, and disappear slowly, and positive detection in blood can be used as an indicator of infection and previous infection.

Components of the Antibody Detection Kit: Antibody Detection Reagent Card and Diluent. Among them, the antibody detection reagent card is to coat the novel coronavirus antigen on the nitrocellulose membrane, which is used to capture the novel coronavirus antibody (mainly IgG and IgM antibodies) in the sample.

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12 World-famous Christmas Cakes

When it comes to Christmas cake, the first thing that comes to mind is Stollen, but is it really only Stollen? NO! Every country in the world has unique cakes to welcome Christmas, let Xiaobian take you to see it. Some sites selling such cakes are luckonluck.com, buyqg.com, buyyv.com, etc. at reasonable prices.

Below are the 12 most popular cakes in the world:

No. 1 France: Wood Cake

In France, every Christmas, a cake like a tree trunk will appear in the cake shop - the wood cake. Why are Christmas cakes shaped like firewood? It is said to be a legend from Lithuania: if the firewood left over from the previous year is turned into ashes, the ashes can ward off evil spirits.

So, in the week before Christmas, the longest stick of wood will be burned, and it will be burned on Christmas day.

On Christmas Eve, the French will rush back to their hometown for reunion no matter where they are working. Just like the Chinese people keep the New Year's Eve, there is a custom of family reunion vigil.

When staying until midnight, the whole family usually gathers in front of the fireplace to eat wood cakes, accompanied by coffee or black tea. On the one hand, it drives away the cold, and on the other hand, it also connects the family members.

No. 2 Italy: Panettone

"Panetoni" was founded in Milan, an important fashion town in northern Italy. The Milanese call it "Panetun", which originally means "big bread".

When stirring, mix orange peel, lemon peel, raisins, cream, egg yolk, etc. into flour and water, and mix well.

In addition, add sour old noodles for long-term low-temperature fermentation, so that the fruit flavor and dough can be fully integrated, and the baked "Pan" Nidoni" is fruity and mouth-watering.

No. 3 Germany: Weihnachtsstollen / Stollen

Stollen, the most classic Christmas bread in Germany, looks like the scarf when Jesus was born.

People share Stollen to commemorate Jesus. Traditional stolon is generally made 2 weeks in advance, and the flavor of the bread changes over time.

Sugar and oil keep the bread's moisture and make the tissue moist and delicate.

The flavors of various dried fruits slowly seep into the fusion, and the longer the time, the stronger the flavor.

A long stolon can be eaten from Christmas to Easter (April), stored in the freezer, and can even be stored for up to a year.

No. 4 United Kingdom: Christmas

Christmas cake is the fruit cake eaten at Christmas in the UK, Ireland and many Commonwealth countries. Usually a pound cake with a lot of dried fruit is used as a base, and the surface is decorated with icing, cream, Christmas decorations, etc. The words "Merry Christmas" are often sprinkled with chocolate or jam on the top of the cake, and special Christmas candles are placed around it.

The candles are small and colorful, and are blown out by the host, and then everyone shares the cake. People sometimes put three beans in the cake to represent the three oriental sages in the biblical story.

Whoever eats the beans becomes the "three kings", which is very interesting.

No. 5 Scotland: Whisky Dundee

The Scots combined local specialities with English Christmas cakes to create the Whiskey Dunkin' Cake.

Compared with Christmas cakes, its organization is lighter and softer, not as heavy and solid as Christmas cakes; the surface decoration also uses dried fruits instead of cream, just like the Scottish people are simple, but they really love life.

No.6 Japan: Kurisumasu Keki

Cakes in Japan are always fine, replacing heavy-oil pound cakes with delicate, soft sponge cakes, topped with thick whipped cream and red strawberries, and topped with a lovable chocolate Santa Claus.

This cake must be eaten on Christmas Eve, before Christmas. Because kurisumasu keki not only means Christmas.

In Japanese slang, it also refers to an unmarried woman. Once she is 25 years old and not married, it is like a cake left after Christmas, and it is not "fresh".

No. 7 Sweden: Kringla

Inspired by German lye bread, Swedish Knots are made with almond flour and sliced ​​almonds. Unlike the Danish knot, this small cake in Sweden does not contain nuts and raisins. The biggest feature is that it puts a lot of butter.

No. 8 Greece: Christopsomo

The crisscross decoration on top of the loaf symbolizes the Christian cross, the most devout of all Christmas loaves.

When making this bread, the baker has to cross his chest with his hands and pray devoutly.

Dried fruits, nuts and spices are added to the bread for a rich aroma.

No. 9 Hungary: Bejgli

Like the French, the Hungarians also love cake rolls. Although there is no surface decoration, there is a delicious walnut and poppy seed filling.

If you don't have enough for Christmas, you can also eat it at Easter.

No. 10 Poland: Piernik

Unlike other European countries who eat nuts or fruit cakes, Poles eat gingerbread cookies topped with chocolate at Christmas.

This gingerbread can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and in the Torun Museum in Poland, there are still baking molds from the Middle Ages.

No. 11 Iceland: Vinetarta

Icelanders are the only ones who have the guts to eat cakes with lots of plum jam. Vinetarta, layered with cake and plum jam, is Iceland's most traditional cake for Christmas.

No. 12 Spain: Roscon De Reyes / King Cake

It's actually a Spanish King's Day cake, but it has a strong festive character, so we put it in a Christmas cake too.

As its name suggests, the king cake is usually made in the shape of a crown with a little Jesus doll inside, and whoever eats the doll is the king of the party, but the bad thing is that you also take it to February 2 to the church on the day.

Conclusion

There above cakes are famous in their countries and as regards cakes these countries are famous for their respective cakes. Foodie people can have a taste to each of them to taste these tasty dessert or bakery food.

From brewing to biologics: Biocon’s Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw changes global health

Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw started as a winemaker and now leads Biocon, India's largest innovative biopharmaceutical company. Ms. Mazumdar-Shaw talked about how to build a multi-billion-dollar global enterprise that is changing the role of global health care and intellectual property.

Can you tell us how you came up with Biocon?

I graduated from Ballarat Brewing School in Australia in 1975 and became a winemaker. 

My wish is to pursue a career in the brewing industry. However, I am unprepared for the hostility and gender prejudice faced by the Indian brewing industry. 

This rejection made me turn to entrepreneurship and accidentally established Biocon, a new biotechnology company in India, to use my fermentation knowledge to produce enzymes and biopharmaceuticals instead of beer.

Have you been smooth sailing since then?

No! As a 25-year-old woman with no business experience and limited financial resources, I face huge credibility and cognitive challenges. In those days, women were not regarded as good entrepreneurs, and biotechnology as an industry was unheard of.

 I dare to start a business in a male-dominated society and a field that no one knows. The prevailing business climate tends to be low-risk companies based on services and generic drugs, and they are reluctant to start innovative companies that are risk-ridden like biotechnology. 

The bank is unwilling to lend me financial support. As professionals worry that I cannot provide "job security", I work hard to recruit people. The supplier told me that they were unwilling to give me credit because they did not have confidence in my ability to operate. 

I successfully overcome these difficulties because I understand that all challenges can be overcome with perseverance and originality.

What prompted you to move into the biopharmaceutical field?

After my success with enzymes, I used my biotechnology knowledge to try to influence the health care industry by introducing affordable biopharmaceuticals to patients who need them most. These drugs, called biologics, are developed from living biological sources (such as tissues, cells, and proteins). 

In fact, from biosimilars to biological preparations, as from generics to patented chemically synthesized drugs. What motivated me to accomplish this task was the realization that a considerable part of the world’s population does not have access to essential medicines and cannot afford them when health care exists. 

From wanting to "green the world" through environmentally friendly enzyme technology, my mission became to "cure the world" by developing affordable, life-saving drugs for patients all over the world.

Today, Biocon is India's largest fully integrated innovative biopharmaceutical company. Our business footprint covers 120 countries. We invest 15% of the operating income of biopharmaceuticals into research and development. 

In terms of market share, our ability to manufacture high-quality, affordable biologics puts us among the top three global insulin biosimilars. As of March 31, 2017, we reported more than $600 million in revenue and are expected to cross the $1 billion revenue milestone by March 31, 2019.

What is the current focus of your biologics project?

We have a series of new biosimilar assets. Biocon is committed to developing affordable treatments for the unmet medical needs of chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Biocon's campus in Bangalore. The company recently opened a manufacturing center in Johor, Malaysia.

Biocon is using the power of biotechnology to improve the access to affordable essential medicines for patients with chronic diseases.

What are the advantages of biological agents over traditional treatments?

The ability of biological agents to target, enhance or modulate specific proteins and antigens makes them more effective than small molecule therapies under various medical conditions. 

Biological therapies such as insulin, erythropoietin and growth hormone are of inestimable value in the treatment of diabetes, anemia and kidney disease. More complex biological agents such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), cytokines and therapeutic vaccines are changing the standard of treatment for cancer, autoimmune diseases and other chronic diseases. 

Currently, 10 of the top 15 drugs sold globally are biologics. By 2020, we expect new biological treatments for severe asthma, chronic eczema, allergic dermatitis and familial hypercholesterolemia will appear in developed markets. By 2022, biologics are expected to account for 50% of the value of the top 100 drugs sold globally.

Different from small-molecule drugs, new biologics and biosimilars are large in volume, more complex, targeted specifically, and have strict production procedures. The time, effort, and money required to analyze and characterize biological agents are four times higher than that of small molecule drugs. 

The manufacturing process starts with fermentation, followed by a multi-step purification process. In addition to determining bioavailability and bioequivalence, clinical development also includes large and long-term clinical trials and complex regulatory approval pathways. 

The cost of developing biosimilars is much higher than that of traditional chemically synthesized generics.

Can you talk about the role of innovation in Indian biotechnology?

The Indian biotechnology sector's ability to use recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to provide genetically engineered crops, biopharmaceuticals, vaccines and enzymes. Today, India is the world's largest vaccine producer and largest supplier of genetically modified cotton.

Biocon invests 15% of its annual revenue in research and development. It creates a collaborative atmosphere that allows creativity and collaborative research to flow freely, thereby encouraging innovation. 

The company recognizes innovators through a series of incentives, rewards and bonuses. 

But if India is to realize its aspiration to build a $100 billion bioeconomy by 2025, it needs to strengthen the coordination of resources, plans, policies, and priorities to create a self-sustaining virtuous circle of innovation and corporate growth.

As one of the earliest biologics companies in India, Biocon's innovation-led strategy has created a series of new biosimilar assets. Today, we have a comprehensive portfolio of 10 published and more undisclosed molecules including insulin and insulin analogs, monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, which are involved in the treatment of diabetes, cancer and immunology.

We also use our new drug research capabilities to promote oral insulin and the world's only clinically validated anti-CD6 targeting molecule to treat psoriasis in the clinic. 

We are also exploring the breakthrough potential of immuno-oncology and developing harmless treatments for patients with malignant tumors. 

Our research in this field spans from many platforms and products of traditional peptides and monoclonal antibodies to therapies based on novel fusion monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA).

Tell us more about some of your breakthrough innovations.

So far, Biocon has introduced two new biologics and six biosimilars from the laboratory to the market. They are affordable treatments for patients with chronic diseases.

Our highest honor is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approval of Ogivri ™, the biosimilar trastuzumab that we co-developed with Mylan in 2017. We are the first Indian company to obtain a biosimilar approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; it is also the first biosimilar trastuzumab approved in the United States. This brings us into the global alliance of biosimilar experts, which means that we can provide American patients with affordable alternative cancer therapies. 

We launched our branded biosimilars Trastuzumab and CANMAb ™ in India in 2014 and have since launched them in multiple emerging markets. Thousands of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer are now benefiting from this important drug.

In 2017, we launched KRABEVA®, a biosimilar bevacizumab for the treatment of metastatic rectal cancer and other types of lung cancer, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and brain cancer.

In 2016, we became the first Indian company to launch the biosimilar insulin glargine in Japan, which was launched in India in 2009. Recently, the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicines for Human Use (CHMP) recommended that the European Union approve it. 

In fact, we are the first company in the world to commercialize recombinant human insulin (rh-insulin), which was produced in 2004 through the use of Pichia yeast fermentation technology. We now provide a comprehensive portfolio of insulin products to millions of insulin-dependent patients with diabetes worldwide. 

Translating breakthrough laboratory discoveries into clinical success is a major challenge facing the global biopharmaceutical industry. Therefore, Biocon is strengthening its scientific research and development team and participating in strategic cooperation to further improve its effectiveness in this field.

At the forefront of new molecules, we are developing, producing and launching biologics in India. In 2006, Biocon became the first company in India to launch Nimotuzumab (BIOMAb EGFR®), a new type of biologic for patients with head and neck cancer. 

In 2013, we launched the pioneering anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody itolizumab (ALZUMAb™) for patients with psoriasis. Thousands of patients in India are benefiting from these affordable therapies.

What motivates Biocon to commit to affordable health care?

Biocon's innovative model makes payment ability a success criterion. By leveraging the power of affordable innovation, we view “best-selling drugs” as a way to expand access to one billion patients. Our business model focuses on the right to global healthcare, which is achieved by providing affordable biopharmaceuticals.

What role does intellectual property play in your business?

Intellectual property rights guide Biocon's R&D and commercialization strategy by protecting our inventions and innovations. This also helps build our credibility and allows us to benefit from first-mover advantage. Intellectual property also supports product positioning, life cycle management, and asset monetization and evaluation. 

Biocon continues to create wealth of knowledge through an aggressive intellectual property strategy, which recognizes the innovative potential of our products and processes.

What are the benefits of using WIPO's Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)?

Intellectual property plays a key role in bringing innovation to the market successfully and creating value. The PCT allows innovation-led companies like Biocon to seek patent protection in more than 150 countries through an international patent application. Therefore, this is a cost-effective option. And because the cost of submitting a national application was delayed by 18 months, this gave us more time to formulate a patent and commercialization strategy for the target market.

Why is it important for women to engage in science and technology?

My father, the late R.I Mazumdar, convinced me that as a woman, if I did not achieve more than men, I could achieve the same.

Science makes the world a better place. Knowledge has no gender. Increased participation of women in science and technology will ensure that research results are quickly translated into useful knowledge that can support human progress. This is an important part of the country's social and economic development.

Diversity and inclusion are corporate rules and are embedded in Biocon's core values. We believe that a diverse work environment will promote a culture of innovation and collaboration. For us, diversity is not only to promote gender balance, but more importantly, to appreciate different cultures, backgrounds, generations and ideas.

Female scientists bring diversity of thought, creativity and innovation. Scientific organizations realize this and open up more opportunities for women scientists. In fact, Biocon Academy helps close the gender skills gap in the biotechnology field by training many life science graduates (including girls) every year.

The development of biopharmaceuticals (biologics and biosimilars) is a complex process that requires strict production agreements. The clinical development of biological drugs is much more expensive than traditional chemical synthetic generic drugs. (Photo: provided by Biocon).

Women are increasingly becoming an integral part of the Indian scientific community. However, because gender discrimination still exists in society, relatively few women are promoted to leadership positions in science, technology, and business. 

Many people still believe that marriage and family must take precedence over occupation. This explains the gender gap in interdisciplinary research. Studies have shown that although many women study science in India, few are engaged in science or scientific research.

What is the secret of your success?

I never give up. My mantra is "Failure is temporary. Giving up is permanent." When the Indian pharmaceutical industry focused on the manufacture and supply of chemically synthesized generic drugs, my mantra helped me guide Biocon in the unknown field of innovation-led biotechnology research. 

I succeeded because I am committed to my dream of changing global health by providing affordable medicines, and also because I am shocked that a large part of the world’s population lacks access to affordable Opportunities for drugs.

What advice do you have for women?

If you want to succeed in this field, you need a pioneering spirit. Have the courage to strengthen your convictions and persist in overcoming disappointments and failures. Believe in your wishes and work with goals to achieve these goals.

What are the future plans?

I fully believe that the healthcare industry has a humanitarian responsibility to provide affordable essential medicines to patients in need through the power of innovation. My vision is that our diabetes and cancer care research program will change the treatment model. We are working hard to develop affordable, best-selling drugs with the "Made in India" label that will benefit one billion patients worldwide.

References:

1. https://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.html

Biosimilars Advantages, Problems and the Scope

A biosimilar is a biological drug that is highly similar to an approved biological drug. McKinsey predicts that by 2020, the size of the biosimilar market will triple, reaching US$1 to US$2 billion. Based on this alone, we can see that these drugs can change healthcare. A report The Biosimilar Committee (2018) predicts that biosimilars can save up to 1TP250 billion in costs in the next ten years. Can these products improve the sense of gain for patients who rely on biological treatments? What are the challenges and opportunities? This includes the benefits of biosimilars.

A biosimilar is a biological drug that is highly similar to an approved biological drug. McKinsey predicts that by 2020, the size of the biosimilar market will triple, reaching US$1 to US$2 billion. Based on this alone, we can see that these drugs can change healthcare. A report The Biosimilar Committee (2018) predicts that biosimilars can save up to 1TP250 billion in costs in the next ten years. Can these products improve the sense of gain for patients who rely on biological treatments? What are the challenges and opportunities? This includes the benefits of biosimilars.

What is Biological product?

Biological products are biological molecules derived from living organisms and are used to diagnose, treat and cure many chronic and disabling diseases. These typical large and complex biological molecules-including hormones and monoclonal antibodies-are produced from microorganisms, plants or animal cells using biotechnology. 

The natural variability in the host organism leads to variation between the various batches of active biomolecules being produced. Under normal circumstances, these variability are minimal and will not change biological functions.

Today, biological agents provide one of the most cutting-edge technologies for the clinical prognosis of many diseases. The therapeutic potential of these molecules ranges from diabetes to autoimmune diseases to cancer. 

Although the demand for biologics is great, one of its main disadvantages is the high cost-which is a major obstacle for patients. It is very necessary to understand the benefits of biosimilars.

What is the Case of Biosimilars?

Consumers’ cost burden seems to be reduced by the second category of biological products, called biosimilars. Biosimilars are biomolecules that are "highly similar to the approved reference biological drugs." 

To become a biosimilar, a molecule must It exhibits the same characteristics in terms of "structure, biological activity and efficacy, safety and immunogenicity profile" compared with the original reference molecule. Like biological products, biosimilars are also manufactured biologically. Therefore, this process is a natural change, leading to internal differences from the reference drug. These changes make characterization and regulatory approval a challenging task. 

However, if these changes can be proven not to affect clinical safety and efficacy, biosimilars will be considered for approval by regulatory agencies.

The reference biological product molecule must pass an "independent" application, containing all data, including clinical trials to prove its safety and effectiveness. 

When the patent for an original biological drug expires, other competing companies can apply for marketing authorization for the corresponding biosimilar product. 

The ultimate goal of a biosimilar drug development project is to prove "biological similarity" to the reference drug, not to establish an independent safety or effectiveness profile. Therefore, biosimilars do not pass traditional clinical trials, but conduct comparative clinical trials to prove that they are not clinically different from the reference molecule. 

Biosimilar molecules can leverage the safety and efficacy knowledge gathered from years of use of reference molecules.

From a regulatory perspective, the development of biosimilars does not need to repeat the entire clinical development project like the original reference biologic molecule. This advantage reduces costs for both parties: manufacturers and consumers. 

In addition, it saves a large number of volunteers and patients from participating in unnecessary trials. In general, the approval process for biosimilars is more streamlined, simpler, and cheaper than branded original biologics. Therefore, biosimilars enable patients to obtain medical innovations faster and cheaper without compromising efficacy or safety. 

A comprehensive list of biosimilars approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration can be found here.

What is the situation regarding Biosimilars in the European Union and the United States?

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) created a special biosimilar approval pathway in the European Union (EU) and approved the first biosimilar (all-rounder 2006). Currently, the European Union is the most mature biosimilar market in the world. 

In fact, the EU regulations have set the tone for the development of biosimilars in other parts of the world. As of March 2018, there are more than 40 biosimilars approved by the European Commission. 

As the pipeline of biosimilars reviewed by EMA continues to expand, this number is expected to rise further.

In the past decade, the EU medical system has observed a clear advantage in the competition in the biosimilar market. It is estimated that by the end of 2018, the EU's biosimilar market will grow to nearly 1.04 billion U.S. dollars.

In contrast, the biosimilar market in the United States is still quite flat and is slowly emerging with the formulation of regulatory guidelines. 

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only approved the first biosimilar (Felasim) in 2015. As of July 2018, only 12 FDA-approved biosimilars are on the market. 

There is no doubt that the United States is a key biosimilar market. However, many unpredictable factors, including ongoing litigation surrounding patent disputes between innovators, may extend the time to market. 

According to RAND data, biosimilars can reduce the cost of biological products in the U.S. health system by about 1.5 times. $5.4 billion in the next ten years. Now let us look at the benefits of biosimilars.

What are the The benefits of Biosimilars?

Reduce costs through competition

Biological medicines can be really expensive. For example, a biological cancer drug may cost hundreds of dollars and thousands of dollars per patient each year. Having multiple biosimilars on the market will break the monopoly of reference drugs and help reduce costs.

Improve patient accessibility

With the circulation of more biosimilars, more patients around the world can obtain these treatment options.

Incentives for innovation

Before the patent for the reference drug expires, the biosimilar drug cannot be marketed. After the patent expires, having innovative and patentable new biological products may be a necessary condition for maintaining a large market share. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies will be encouraged to invest more in cutting-edge R&D departments to promote innovation.

What are the Challenges regarding Biosimilars?

Although biosimilars are inexpensive, they face many challenges in seeking acceptance. Some of the current challenges include:

Patient and Prescriber Education

Although biosimilars have existed in the EU for more than a decade, they are still a novelty for people outside of this field. According to a 2014 survey, almost 30% of diagnosed patients said that their drug choice is highly influenced by the identity of the drug manufacturer. 

Both the health sector and the pharmaceutical industry need large-scale education. 

Prescribers may consider biosimilars to be additional work: reviewing clinical data, discussing alternatives with pharmacists, etc. Whether the insurance company agrees to compulsorily switch to biosimilars makes the situation even more complicated. 

Medical society doctors, pharmacists and patients all need to be inspired and then believe in the benefits of switching to biosimilars.

Inference problem

Extrapolation is "the process of giving a drug clinical indications without the support of its own or new clinical safety and efficacy studies". Whether biosimilars can be used for off-label indications, and these indications are approved for reference drugs, this is a gray area. 

Appropriate guidelines must be developed for these indications. Otherwise, hospitals and pharmacies will be forced to carry reference molecules and biosimilars at the same time; the cost-effectiveness of prescribing biosimilars will be wiped out.

Interchangeability issues

Interchangeability refers to whether switching back and forth between two products does not affect efficacy or safety compared with using each product alone. 

Although there are some guidelines to determine this, there are uncertainties at the local prescriber and pharmacy level. Whether pharmacists can "replace" reference molecules with interchangeable biosimilars without a clear prescription, or vice versa, is another way to seek reconciliation.

Rare disease

The treatment of rare diseases often uses "orphan drugs" associated with high costs. Although biosimilars are being developed for these orphan drugs, they face many practical obstacles. First, it is difficult to obtain a large enough, non-heterogeneous population for phase I and phase III trials. In addition, the cost of manufacturing enough batches of biosimilars to conduct batch-to-batch variability studies to establish extensive comparability data may be disproportionately high.

What is the Future of Biologics and Biosimilars?

The biosimilar industry and its regulation have developed by leaps and bounds in the past decade. With some of the most prescribed biologics facing patent expiration in the near future, the biosimilar market is expected to see more growth. 

Market competition promoted by biosimilars poses a threat to the monopoly of the brand-name pharmaceutical industry. 

Typically, pharmaceutical giants are considered to obstruct biosimilar companies in a network of intellectual property rights. 

In the next few years, regulatory authorities need to provide a more specific framework to address some gray areas in the marketing and prescription of biosimilars. This, along with practitioner/consumer education, new development and business models, can lay the foundation for the creation of new large-scale biosimilars. The following are the benefits of biosimilars.

What are the developments in Biologics and Biosimilars regarding Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a common disease that affects 2~3% of the global population. Moderate to severe cases require the use of biological drugs (biological agents) for systematic treatment. Treatment is usually permanent, but these drugs may lose their effectiveness over time. 

When the patent of the original drug (original drug) expires, other companies can produce biosimilar drugs, that is, drugs that are very similar to the original drug (but not exactly the same, because the biologics are derived from active human genes). 

This study conducted in Denmark compared the safety, efficacy, and drug survival rate (i.e. the length of the patient's continuous treatment) of five biologics: adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, secukinumab and Ustekinumab. 

The study also compared the original drug version and the biosimilar version of etanercept and inflixi. 

The researchers tested data from 3495 treatment series from 2161 patients. The drug survival rate of Ustekinumab is much longer than that of several other drugs. 

The drug secukinumab has the shortest survival rate and therefore the highest risk of stopping treatment. 

Adverse events are also most common in patients taking secukinumab. 

Switching from the original drug to the biosimilar version will not significantly affect the survival rate of the drug. In patients who recovered from skin symptoms, this situation occurred more quickly in patients who used secukinumab as the first biological agent. 

In 10 years, treatment discontinuation occurred in 45.7% (adalimumab), 64.9% (etanercept) and 54.4% (inflix) patients. Sekkizumab and ustekinumab have been taken for only 8 years and 2 years, respectively. 

During this period, 30.3% and 28.8% of patients stopped these treatments. 

Over time, in terms of treatment response, secukinumab had the highest response, followed by adalimumab.

What is the Economic Impact of Biosimilars?

The economic impact of non-medical conversion from original biologics to biosimilars:

Here is a systematic literature review to review and summarize the economic impact of non-biological switch (NMS) from a bio-initiator to its biosimilar (ie, the switch to a patient’s drug for reasons unrelated to the patient’s health).

Methods In the past 10 years and the past 3 years, selected scientific conferences were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE in English publications reporting healthcare resource utilization (HRU) or costs related to biosimilar NMS, And the gray literature on all approved biosimilar biologics (for example, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, erythropoiesis, insulin and hormone therapy). 

Results: A total of 1,311 publications were retrieved, of which 54 studies met the selection criteria. 

Seventeen studies reported that HRU in the real world or increased costs associated with biosimilar NMS, for example, higher surgery rates (11%), steroid use (13%) and increased biosimilar doses (6-35.4 %). In the study of estimated cost impact related to NMS, 33 cases reported reduction in drug cost, 12 cases reported medical expenses after NMS, but no detailed breakdown, and 5 cases reported NMS establishment and management costs.

 Cost estimation/simulation studies have shown a reduction in costs associated with NMS. However, due to the heterogeneity of research design and assumptions (for example, disease area, discount rate of drug prices, cost composition, population size, study period, etc.), there are large differences between studies. 

Conclusion Real-world research reports indicate that the economic impact of biosimilar NMS exists separately from the cost of the drug. Those who reported this result found that HRU increased in patients with biosimilar NMS. Research on cost estimation is mainly limited to drug prices. 

A comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of NMS should incorporate all important elements of medical service demand, such as drug prices, biological discounts, HRU, NMS plan setting, management and monitoring costs. Sponsor AbbVie.

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