US Presidential Election detailed Question Bank
The United States has a presidential system, and presidential
elections are held every four years. The US presidential election system is
complicated and the process is long. The main procedures of the election include
preliminary elections, the national congress of each party to determine the
presidential candidate, the election of the presidential candidate, national
voters vote to elect the president "elector", "electors"
form the electoral college, vote for the formal election of the president and
the inauguration of the elected president The ceremony and other stages.
How President of the United States is elected?
According to the American electoral system, the President of the United States is elected by the Electoral College, not directly elected by the voters. The president who receives more than half of the electoral votes is elected president.
When voters vote on election day, they must not only choose among presidential candidates, but also 538 electors representing 50 states and Washington, DC, to form the electoral college.
Most states and Washington, DC
implement the "winner-take-all" (winner-take-all, also translated as
winner-take-all) rule. That is, all the electoral votes of the state or the
district are given to the relatively majority of voters in the state or the
district.
Vote for the presidential candidate
The elected elector must
swear an oath to vote for the candidate who wins in the state when the
Electoral College votes.
Therefore, the general
election results can usually be calculated based on the results of the state
elections on the polling day of the general election.
According to the procedure, the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives will also hold a joint meeting to count the results of the Electoral College and announce the winner.
At this point, the procedure for the election of the new president is considered complete. But for a long time, the results of the US presidential election are usually a foregone conclusion on the polling day of the general election.
Electoral college voting and
Congressional vote counting are only ceremonial procedures and have no
practical significance.
Seventeen states in the United States set precedents for voting rules in the presidential election and passed relevant legislation to implement multiple voting restrictions for the first time in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
Eleven of these states, including Wisconsin, North Carolina and
Texas, will require voters to show their photo ID when voting, otherwise they
will not be entitled to vote.
US President Election Funds
How much does it cost to run for the president of the United States?
Although running for the president of the United States is a way to spend money, it does not mean that you will win. I have to say that the US election is really turbulent.
Although the U.S. election is not just about
spending money, money is the threshold to enter the game.
What is the frequency of American Presidential elections?
In American presidential election system, American presidential election frequency is held every four years.
Special election system is complicated and the process is long. The election
year begins at the beginning of the year
Table of Contents
1 Overview
2 Pre-selection
3 Electoral vote
4 Voting time
5 Battlefield States
6 How to vote
7 Turnout rate
8 Export polls
9 Presidents of the United States
10 News
Overview of making of the POTUS
The preliminary election is the first stage of the US presidential election, which usually starts at the beginning of the election year and ends in the middle of the year.
There are two forms of pre-election, namely, the basic party meeting and direct pre-election. The former refers to the bottom-up of the two parties in each state, from election sites, counties, electoral districts to state level by level convening representative meetings, and finally elected representatives of the party's voters in the state to participate in the national congress.
The latter is similar in form to
universal suffrage. Voters from both parties in a state go to the polling station
on the same day to vote for representatives of their party in the state to
participate in the National Congress. This is the pre-election method adopted
by most states.
After the preliminary elections, the two parties will usually hold national congresses in July and August respectively.
The main task of the
meeting is to finalize the party's president and vice president candidates, and
discuss and adopt the presidential election platform.
How long the presidential election campaign lasts?
After the National Congress, the presidential election campaign officially kicked off. This process generally lasts 8 to 9 weeks. During this period, the presidential candidates of the two parties will spend huge sums of money traveling across the country, conducting advertising campaigns, making campaign speeches, meeting voters, holding press conferences, and conducting public debates.
In addition, candidates will expound their policies and
propositions on domestic and foreign affairs through various forms to win the
trust of voters and win votes.
When is the voting day for making POTUS?
Voters across the country vote on the day following the first Monday in November of the election year (November 4 in 2008 and November 6 in 2012), which is called Presidential Election Day, and for 2020 AD it is 03-November 2020.
According to the electoral college system, the number of electoral college members (also called electors) in each state is equal to the number of federal members of each state.
Washington, DC also has three electoral votes. There are a total of 538 electoral votes in the country, and a presidential candidate must win at least 270 votes in order to be elected.
Except for the two states of Maine and Nebraska, which distribute the electoral votes in proportion to the general vote, all other states implement the winner-to-union vote, that is, the candidate who wins the majority of voters in this state gets the vote of the elector of that state.
All votes. In most states, electors are selected by regional and state party congresses. Electors from the political party of the winning candidate participate in the final vote of the state's electoral college.
Electors usually meet in the state capital to vote in December. The results of the electoral college voting were then sent to Washington, and the votes were counted at the joint meeting of the two houses of Congress in January.
Although there are some proposals in Congress from time to time that call for the abolition of the electoral college system and the direct vote of voters to elect the president, such proposals often receive little response.
In addition, on the day of the presidential election, voters have to conduct elections for the Senate and the House of Representatives within the federal scope.
How are senators elected according to the US Constitution?
According to the 1787 Constitution of the United States,
senators are directly elected by voters in each state, two per state, and a term
of six years, with one third elected every two years; members of the House of
Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population of
each state, and the term of office is two years.
How many senators are there in the USA?
In this way, the U.S. Congress has 100 senators (with a six-year term of office and one-third of the election every two years), 435 members of the House of Representatives (two-year term, all re-elected after the term expires), plus 3 votes from Washington, DC, the presidential election.
There are 538 votes in total. A candidate who won more than half of the
electoral votes (270 votes) is elected president.
The real presidential election is held on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December (December 15 in 2008). At that time, the elected "electors" from the states and the District of Columbia will go to the capitals of the states to vote.
The candidate with 270 votes or more
will be elected president and will be sworn in on January 20 of the following
year.
The inauguration ceremony is the last process of the US
presidential election. Only when the president-elect takes the
"Bible" (except for Theodore Roosevelt in history) is sworn in on
January 20 of the following year, the US presidential election ends.
In American politics, the vice president does not hold actual work. His official business is to serve as the chairman of the Senate of Congress, but this is mainly ceremonial, because he only votes when the Senate votes are equal.
The day-to-day work of the vice president is usually
determined by the president's request, and is generally insignificant, such as
representing the president in the funeral of foreign leaders.
What happens if POTUS dies?
According to the U.S. Constitution, if the president dies or loses his ability to work, the vice president takes over the presidency. Being the vice president first is one of the ways to become the president of the United States.
Since the Second World War, three vice presidents have taken over the presidency during the presidency. Truman died because of Roosevelt, Johnson was assassinated because of Kennedy, and Ford succeeded as president because of Nixon's resignation.
In addition, several vice presidents have also served as
presidential candidates, including Nixon, Humphrey, Mundell and Bush.
How is the Vice President of the United States Elected?
The Vice President of the United States is not directly elected by the American public, but is selected by the presidential candidates of the Democratic and Republican parties and elected by the bipartisan National Convention.
When a presidential candidate chooses a vice presidential
candidate, he must first consider the person's political qualifications and
conditions, but it mainly depends on which part of the party he represents in
order to strike a balance and try to win the support of the largest majority of
voters.
But the outcome of the general election does not depend on the voters' choice of the vice president, but on the presidential candidate.
During the 1988 U.S. election, many Americans believed that the Republican presidential candidate Bush’s running partner Quill was too young, unskilled, and unworthy of consideration, and considered the Democratic presidential candidate Dukakis’s running partner Bentson to be experienced and profound. Fu Zhongwang. But as a result of the general election,
Bush won and became president,
and Quill naturally became vice president.
Who is most likely to become Vice President of the USA?
The vice presidential candidate is usually a member of Congress, but a senator has a higher chance of being selected as the vice presidential candidate.
The reason is that once a senator is elected as the vice
president, he will serve as the chairman of the Senate, which can strengthen
the relationship between the president and the Senate.
Preselection for POTUS
The first stage of the U.S. presidential election-the
preliminary election
The four-year U.S. presidential election process is long and complicated.
It mainly includes preliminary elections, national conventions of
various parties to determine presidential candidates, presidential candidate
campaigns, national elections, electoral college voting, and the inauguration
of the elected president.
What is American presidential pre-election?
The preliminary election is the first stage of the US presidential election and is regarded as a prelude to the US general election.
This phase usually starts in February of the general election year and ends in June. The vast majority of the party primaries are held on Tuesday.
In the pre-election stage, the two major political parties of the United States, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, will respectively elect representatives to participate in their party’s national conventions in most states across the country.
In the few states that do not hold preliminary elections, the bipartisan state committees or state congresses select representatives to participate in the party’s national congress.
These representatives will nominate their party’s presidential candidates at the party congress.
Therefore, the pre-election is actually a contest for the qualifications of the
presidential candidate.
How pre-election system of the states got developed?
The pre-election system of the states only gradually
developed after 1902. There are two forms of pre-election, namely, the basic
party meeting (or translated as "party caucus meeting") and direct
pre-election.
"Primary elections" are like universal suffrage in form. Voters from both parties of a state go to the polling station on the same day to vote for "promise representatives" (or translated as "sworn representatives") to attend the party's national convention (nominating convention).
They must swear an oath before the National Party Congress, that is, the nomination meeting, with local will as the basis for voting), and express support for a certain candidate of the party.
The form of "primary
election" is more formal. Most states in the United States use this form
of pre-selection.
What is commitment representatives?
The state presidential pre-election will produce "commitment representatives" for the state to participate in the National Congress. Based on the results of the pre-election, they promise to support a certain candidate of the party.
The number of "commitment representatives" and the allocation mechanism of the two parties are different.
The Democratic Party generally allocates the number of representatives based on the support rate of each candidate in the primaries.
Republican Party allocates the number of representatives based on the support of candidates in some states, and implements the "winner takes all" rule in other states.
In addition to the "promising representatives", the party congresses also included a small number of "uncommitted representatives" (the Democratic Party called "super representatives").
They are mainly celebrities in the party, such as members of the party's national committee, senators or governors, and party leaders.
They are not elected through a
primary election and can not promise to support a candidate before the party
congress.
How performance of a US presidential candidate is measured in the pre-election?
To measure the performance of a candidate in the preliminary election, it mainly depends on the percentage of the candidate's support from the party's "commitment representative", not the level of support it receives.
National Party Congress
For candidates from both parties to ensure that they win the
presidential nomination, they need at least the support of more than half of
the representatives of the National Party Congress.
Democratic Candidates
In the Democratic Party, each state has a certain number of representatives, and candidates can be allocated the corresponding number of representatives based on the voter's support rate in the preliminary election.
Of the 4,049 delegates in 2008, 3,253 came from state primaries, and the remaining 796 "super delegates" were automatically won by members of the Democratic National Committee, Democratic senators or governors, and party leaders.
At the nomination conference held in Denver at the end of August,
candidates with the support of more than 2025 representatives will run for
president on behalf of the Democratic Party.
Republican Party candidates
With regard to the Republican Party, some states, like the Democrats, allocate the number of representatives based on the support of candidates, while others implement the “winner takes all” regulations (such as New Jersey, New York, Virginia and other 15 states).
At the Republican Party’s nomination conference held in Minneapolis in early September 2008, a total of 2,380 representatives voted for presidential candidates, including 1,917 “promising representatives”, that is, before the meeting, they indicated which candidate they supported.
Representative of the person. There are also 463
"uncommitted representatives," of which 123 are members of the
Republican National Committee. In the end, the candidate with the support of
more than 1,191 representatives will win.
For decades, Iowa and New Hampshire have been the states where the first party grassroots meeting and the first primary election were held in the U.S. election year, respectively.
In the pre-selection stage, the size and population of a state is not directly proportional to the state's influence on the entire election.
The most important thing is the pre-selection
date-the earlier the date, the greater the impact. Therefore, even though Iowa
and New Hampshire are small states, they play a role as a
"weathervane" and "barometer" for the entire pre-election
stage, and have received great attention from candidates from both parties and
various media.
What happens after POTUS preliminary elections?
After the preliminary elections, the two parties will usually hold national congresses in July and August to determine their party's presidential candidates.
In the bipartisan national convention, which candidate
receives the most support from the attendees can be elected as the party’s presidential
candidate.
What is U.S. Presidential Election-Electoral College System?
According to the US Constitution, the electoral college system is implemented in the US presidential election.
The electoral college
system has undergone more than 200 years of development and evolution since it
was first implemented in 1788.
The Electoral College system stipulates that the President of the United States is elected by the Electoral College elected by the state legislatures, rather than directly elected by voters.
Presidential candidates
can be elected by obtaining more than half (270 or more) of the total 538
electoral votes in the 50 states and Washington DC.
According to the law, the national vote is held on the next day (Tuesday) of the first Monday in November of the election year. National Voter Voting Day is also called Presidential Election Day.
Since the US
presidential election implements the Electoral College system, the presidential
election day is actually the election of the "electors" representing
voters.
Each state in the United States has the same number of electoral votes as the number of senators and representatives of the state in Congress.
According to regulations, the U.S. Senate consists of two members elected by each state, and the number of members of the House of Representatives is determined according to the proportion of the population of each state. Therefore, the more populous states will have more members of the House of Representatives, and they will also have more electoral votes in the presidential election.
For example, California, the most populous state, has 55
electoral votes, while the less populous state of Alaska has only 3 electoral
votes. In view of this situation, in previous presidential elections, the
populous states have become important targets for presidential candidates.
The number of electoral votes reflects the principle of equality of state power and is determined by the number of state members in Congress.
For example, every state has 2 senators and at least 1 member of the House of Representatives in Congress, so any state has at least 3 votes.
But in addition to these three votes in a large state with a large population, the greater the number of members of the House of Representatives, the greater the number of electoral votes.
In 1961, an amendment to the U.S. Constitution approved that Washington, DC, could have presidential electors like states.
Thus, the U.S. Congress has 100 senators and 435 members of the House of
Representatives, plus 3 votes from Washington, D.C., and the presidential
electoral vote totals 538 votes.
The Electoral College system also stipulates that, except for the two states of Maine and Nebraska that distribute the electoral votes in proportion to the general vote, the remaining 48 states and Washington, D.C., all implement the "winners all" system. That is, the state's electoral votes are all given to the presidential candidate who has obtained a relatively large majority of votes in the state.
Is it possible that that the presidential candidate who accumulates more votes in the national general election does win the presidential election?
Since the number of electoral votes varies greatly among states, it may happen that the presidential candidate who has accumulated more votes in the national general election cannot win the presidential election.
This has happened many times in the history of the United States (1876, 1888, 2000, 2016). Although some presidential candidates received fewer popular votes than their competitors in the general election, they received more electoral votes.
The most recent one occurred in 2016, when the Republican presidential candidate Trump trailed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton by nearly 3 million votes in popular votes.
He defeated the latter with an electoral advantage of 306:232
and was elected as the new One-term president.
The US Constitution also stipulates that if all candidates fail to obtain more than half of the electoral votes, the House of Representatives shall elect the president from the top three candidates with the most votes.
In 1824, John Quincy Adams was appointed as President after a
vote by the House of Representatives under this situation.
The Electoral College system is the product of the combination of the American republic, federalism, and the principles of decentralization and checks and balances. It is also the result of compromise and coordination among multiple interests.
Therefore, it must have its own
insurmountable defects and drawbacks. The United States has continued to call
for reform of the Electoral College system, but due to various obstacles,
reform has not been possible.
What is American Presidential Electoral vote?
The President of the United States is elected by voters across the country, but it is not directly elected by voters, but the electoral college system is implemented.
Voters voted for 538 electors representing 50
states and the District of Columbia. The presidential candidate can win by
obtaining more than half of the electoral votes (at least 270 votes).
Each state in the United States has the same number of electoral votes as the number of senators and representatives of that state in Congress.
The Senate consists of 2 members elected by each state, and the number of members of the House of Representatives is determined according to the proportion of the population of each state.
The more populous states produce more members of the House of Representatives, and they also have more electoral votes in the presidential election.
For example, California, the most populous state, has as many as 55 electoral votes, while the less populous states such as Alaska have only 3 electoral votes.
Although the District of
Columbia has no senators or representatives, it still has three electoral
votes.
Except for the two states of Maine and Nebraska, which
distribute the electoral votes according to the voting rate, the remaining 48
states and the District of Columbia have implemented the "winners
all" system, that is, all the electoral votes of the state are given to
the state. The presidential candidate with the most votes.
The Election Voting time
The polling day for the US general election is the day following the first Monday in November (that is, the Tuesday between November 2 and November 8).
Since the United States spans six time zones, and some states
cross time zones, the start and end times of voting vary from state to state,
and even in the east and west of the same state.
Two small towns in New Hampshire in the northeastern United States began voting at 00:00 US Eastern Time.
The latest
ones to vote are Alaska and Hawaii, and they will start voting about half a day
later.
Polling stations are generally open for 12 hours. At 18:00 U.S. Eastern Time (07:00 the next day Beijing Time), most of Indiana and the eastern half of Kentucky ended voting at the earliest.
At 00:00 the next day
Eastern time (13:00 the next day Asian (Beijing time)), Alaska will end voting
at the latest.
The results of counting votes in various places can be announced after the polling stations are closed.
The national preliminary
voting results are generally produced after 22:00 Eastern Time (11:00 the next
day Asian Time).
What are Election of the Battlefield States in American President's election?
In every U.S. presidential election, the election of the
"battlefield states" is of particular concern.
"Battlefield states", also known as "swing states", refer to states with little gap in support between the two parties.
The battlefield states include Indiana, Virginia, Ohio, and Florida. Compared with a "battlefield state", if a candidate has a clear advantage in a state, the state is called a "safe state."
During the campaign,
candidates usually focus on "battlefield states" in an effort to
expand their advantages.
How to vote for US presidential elections?
According to US media reports, two-thirds of voters will fill
in paper ballots by hand, which will then be scanned and counted by machines,
while the remaining one-third of voters will vote by machines.
Both voting methods have their pros and cons. Paper ballots
are considered more reliable, but the scanner sometimes has problems, causing
the voting process to be slow, and the ballots are rejected due to improper
painting.
There are two types of machine voting: electronic voting and touch screen voting. About a quarter of voters use electronic voting. Because there is no written record, voters have no way of knowing whether their vote is recorded.
Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Texas, and Tennessee use
electronic voting. Eight states including Georgia and New Jersey use touch
screen voting. This voting method has written records, but sometimes the
machine will have problems, causing errors in the records.
Seventeen states in the United States set precedents for voting rules in the presidential election and passed relevant legislation to implement multiple voting restrictions for the first time in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
What are the rules regarding voter ID in the US president's election?
Eleven of these states, including Wisconsin, North Carolina, and Texas, will require voters to show photo ID when voting (the driver’s license is the most common among the photo ID and will not drive People can apply for the "state ID card" issued by each state to replace), otherwise they will not have the right to vote.
According to statistics in 2012, approximately 21 million voters in the United States did not have any government-issued photo ID.
The vast majority of these people belong to the low-income group who can neither afford a car nor have the opportunity to fly, especially a large number of ethnic minorities at the bottom of society.
The 1993 U.S. Voter Registration Act stipulates that in the process of providing daily public services, the government must keep a register of qualified voters receiving services at any time.
On election day, voters need to find their name on the voter registration form. Next, most states require voters to use any method such as photo ID, social security number card, electricity bill, bank certificate, social welfare check, etc., to check their names and vote.
There are also more than a dozen states that do not require any
identification at all. They only need to check the name on the registration
form and sign to confirm the corresponding legal responsibility.
Voting Turnout to elect POTUS
According to the forecast by the American Voter Research Center of the American University on the 2nd, the number of voters in the US general election is expected to reach 135 million, and the voter turnout rate may be close to 65%, reaching the highest level since 1960.
The number of
voters in the 2004 U.S. election was 122 million, and the turnout rate was 55%.
What is Exit poll in POTUS election?
Soon after the election of the presidential election, polling agencies or the media usually survey voters at the exit of the polling station, and most of the polls are consistent with the final election results.
Export
polls are favored by major media for their timeliness and accuracy.
Interviewers sent by polling agencies will appear in front of more than 1,300 polling stations across the United States, and more than 100,000 voters will be sampled.
In order to avoid prejudice, the interviewer
chose to ask one person out of every 5 voters or every 10 voters according to
the number of people in the polling station. Interviewers will record their
age, race, gender and other characteristics for experts to analyze their voting
intentions.
Table Showing Presidents of the United States in Chronological Order
|
YEAR |
PRESIDENT |
FIRST LADY |
VICE PRESIDENT |
|
1789-1797 |
|||
|
1797-1801 |
|||
|
1801-1805 |
[Martha
Wayles Skelton Jefferson |
||
|
1805-1809 |
see above |
||
|
1809-1812 |
|||
|
1812-1813 |
office vacant |
||
|
1813-1814 |
|||
|
1814-1817 |
office vacant |
||
|
1817-1825 |
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe |
||
|
1825-1829 |
|||
|
1829-1832 |
Rachel Jackson [Rachel Donelson Jackson died before Jackson assumed
office and did not serve as first lady] |
||
|
1833-1837 |
Rachel Jackson [Rachel Donelson Jackson died before Jackson assumed
office and did not serve as first lady] |
||
|
1837-1841 |
|||
|
1841 |
|||
|
1841-1845 |
Letitia Christian Tyler and |
office vacant |
|
|
1845-1849 |
|||
|
1849-1850 |
Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor |
||
|
1850-1853 |
office vacant |
||
|
1853 |
|||
|
1853-1857 |
office vacant |
||
|
1857-1861 |
(never married) |
||
|
1861-1865 |
|||
|
1865 |
|||
|
1865-1869 |
office vacant |
||
|
1869-1873 |
|||
|
1873-1875 |
|||
|
1875-1877 |
office vacant |
||
|
1877-1881 |
|||
|
1881 |
|||
|
1881-1885 |
office vacant |
||
|
1885 |
|||
|
1885-1889 |
office vacant |
||
|
1889-1893 |
Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison |
||
|
1893-1897 |
|||
|
1897-1899 |
|||
|
1899-1901 |
office vacant |
||
|
1901 |
|||
|
1901-1905 |
office vacant |
||
|
1905-1909 |
|||
|
1909-1912 |
|||
|
1912-1913 |
office vacant |
||
|
1913-1921 |
|||
|
1921-1923 |
|||
|
1923-1925 |
office vacant |
||
|
1925-1929 |
|||
|
1929-1933 |
|||
|
1933-1941 |
|||
|
1941-1945 |
|||
|
1945 |
|||
|
1945-1949 |
office vacant |
||
|
1949-1953 |
|||
|
1953-1961 |
|||
|
1961-1963 |
|||
|
1963-1965 |
office vacant |
||
|
1965-1969 |
|||
|
1969-1973 |
|||
|
1973-1974 |
|||
|
1974-1977 |
|||
|
1977-1981 |
|||
|
1981-1989 |
|||
|
1989-1993 |
|||
|
1993-2001 |
|||
|
2001-2009 |
|||
|
2009-2017 |
|||
|
2017- |
Multiple entries are possible for a president whenever there
was a change in the office of vice-president
Dwayne Johnson
An interview with "Variety" confirmed that he would consider participating in the US presidential campaign. He said that he could not pursue an acting career and get involved in politics at the same time.
Considering the schedule for the
next two or three years, the most realistic thing is to consider the 2024
election.
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