Popularity of Civil Services in World Countries Comparison India Mexico Germany etc

Popularity of Civil Services World over. 900,000 people in India vie for 1,000 positions

Sangram Singh has graduated from the prestigious Nehru University in India for one year and is currently receiving pre-service training for civil servants as a Deputy Commissioner of Police in Uttar Pradesh. Indian civil servants specifically refer to middle and senior officials who have a certain decision-making power in the government. Once admitted, it means that they can enter the upper class and are real social elites. So many Indians, especially college students, are willing to work hard.

Singh told this reporter: "The position of a civil servant is not something that can be won simply by passing an exam. I choose a civil servant as a lifelong career with inherent motivation to contribute to social welfare. This profession gives me ample opportunities To solve the problems encountered by the grassroots. "

Singh described the civil service exam as "the most difficult state test in India." First, the exam size is large and the admission rate is low. About 900,000 people took the test this year, but there were only 1,000 positions. Second, there are no qualifications for the exam, and competition is particularly fierce. In India, there are no qualifications for civil service exams, and different professions and education qualifications can be taken. The competition is fierce. Third, there is no outline for the exam, so there is no way to review it.

Judging from the examination process, the Indian civil service examination is divided into three stages: preliminary examination, main examination and interview. The first test is to test the basic common sense of the candidates. The main test is to write three strategies. In addition, there are qualification exams in Hindi and English. The interview is to examine the comprehensive quality of the candidates. The entire exam takes one year and covers domestic and international current affairs, economics, psychology, etc. In Singh's words, this process is painful and long, a contest of knowledge and a test of patience and perseverance.

High difficulty means high risk, and high risk means high profit. This is evident from Singh's satisfaction with the treatment. As a new civil servant, his monthly salary is 60,000 rupees (1 rupee is about 0.1 yuan), and the government gives a house with a car and a driver. In addition, there are various subsidies. In addition to statutory holidays, each year can enjoy one month of paid leave, 20 days of medical leave, 20 days of half paid leave and so on.

However, the workload of civil servants is also high. So Indians say that doing this job requires political ideals, as well as determination and wisdom. Attracted by civil service treatment and enthusiasm for national public affairs, Indian college students and various groups with stable occupations have become the main force of the national civil service examination, especially the college student group, and have enough time to prepare for civil service examination. Staya, a student at the University of Delhi's political department, is part of the civil service examination army. He told this reporter that he was preparing for the examination of a central civil servant, hoping to be a diplomat. Staya said that because there is no exam outline, there is only a comprehensive review, and at the same time focus on the exam questions that are tested each year.

Staya said he wanted to try his luck despite the crowds of canopy bridges.

Students are studying in the library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Wang Xiaobo Figure

Mexico: Civil servant onboarding from multiple sources

"There is no such test." Anna Garcia, a civil servant in the city government of Teorojocan, Mexico, responded to this reporter's question about the "civil service exam".

In many local governments and public sectors in Mexico, grass-roots civil servants are mostly recommended by senior officials, while senior officials are selected by the highest officials of the local government. Local officials come to power through elections. Those who contribute to the campaign will often be promised positions. Once local officials are elected to power, they will honor their promises to those people. Of course, if the people they support lose the election, their expectations will inevitably be "empty."

In addition, there are still a few positions that are reserved for "hereditary" children in the system. Only a small number of positions are offered for open competition. Anna has joined the ranks of government civil servants from her campaign assistant status.

The Mexican government has three levels of civil servants: federal, state, and county. Data show that there are about 1.7 million federal-level civil servants, 2.23 million at the state level, and 990,000 at the county level. Anna said her experience was not uncommon among third-tier government civil servants.

Although there is no "national test" or "provincial test" for civil servants, some government agencies and subordinate agencies recruit regularly or irregularly, and the content and form of the assessment vary. Paula entered the civil service system through professional examinations. Her previous job was to assess the integrity of public officials in the police system. "After submitting the resume, the personnel in the unit's personnel department will meet with the qualified candidate and then perform the assessment. My assessment content at that time included psychology, sociology, polygraph, etc."

Regarding federal civil service positions, Paula admitted that it was "too difficult to enter." Each department or agency has its own set of competition and employment opportunities, and there are not many opportunities. Regarding salary, Paula said that if it is a good position, no one is willing to resign; for a poor position, the salary is really unsatisfactory.

It is reported that the salary of civil servants varies greatly depending on the rich or poor in their state capital or prefecture. The salary of grassroots civil servants in most regions is generally low. The city where Anna is located is at a medium level. Newly hired civil servants have a fixed monthly salary of only more than 5,000 Mexican pesos (1 dollar is about 18 pesos). Department-level cadres are 10,000 to 20,000 pesos and bureau-level cadres are 25,000 to 30,000 pesos , Mayor or state official 30,000 to 40,000 pesos. In the capital city of Mexico City or other developed regions, the standard for civil service salaries is twice or more than this number. For example, the monthly salary of a Mexican city is more than $ 5,500. According to the Mexican "Daily News", the highest paid public officials in Mexico are the justices of the Supreme Court. They have an annual salary of up to 6.77 million Mexican pesos, about twice the annual salary of President Peña.

Although grassroots civil servants are not very competitive in fixed wages compared with other industries, they enjoy advantages in medical treatment and social security. They can enjoy the medical services provided by the National Civil Service Social Security and Welfare Bureau. This service Coverage is small, waiting times are short, and budgets are more plentiful.

Anna told this reporter that some time ago, her hand bone fracture was identified as a "non-emergency" case, and an appointment for corrective surgery was waited for 5 months. If she participated in ordinary social security, the "non-emergency" case may even have to wait for 8 months. As for the price of private hospitals, it is not acceptable to the average working class.

Germany: College students love "iron rice bowls"

Germany currently has approximately 1.84 million civil servants.

In Germany, being a civil servant means stable work and good treatment. Once hired, work 40 hours per week, enjoy 13 months of monthly salary and 30 days of paid leave until retirement. It can't be fired, it is a veritable "iron rice bowl".

According to the statistics of the German Civil Service Association in January 2017, the monthly salary of junior civil servants is about 2,000 euros (1 euro is about 7.38 yuan), intermediate is about 3,000 euros, senior civil servants are about 4,000 euros, and the higher one can reach 8,000 to 10,000 euros.

In addition, in Germany, where taxes and various types of statutory insurance are not low, civil servants do not need to pay endowment, medical and unemployment insurance, but they also enjoy pensions and medical subsidies.

According to German "Manager" magazine statistics, 40-year civil servants have an average monthly pension of 3,000 euros.

But 45-year ordinary workers have an average monthly pension of only 1,314 euros, less than half of civil servants. In addition, civil servants receive an additional spousal allowance of 133 euros per month.

Unlike the unified enrollment of other countries, Germany adopts the method of enrollment on demand. Once a civil servant position in an institution becomes vacant, the government department will publish recruitment information on the news media, and the competent department organizes examinations in accordance with the law and selects merit based on merit. Examination methods are different.

Taking the federal government recruitment as an example, the primary election is divided into a written test and an interview.

The written test is mostly an administrative test question, which examines the comprehensive logical ability of the candidate; the interview will examine some common sense issues related to public services, such as the opinion of the local government. After passing the interview, the selected candidates will receive a one-month training in Berlin.

In addition to studying the code of civil servants and regulations of various departments, they will also conduct simulation project training, that is, simulation planning for some specific municipal projects.

After the completion of the training, candidates will welcome the final round of elimination-attending a job fair organized by various federal government departments.

Only by being selected by the specific employment department can one finally become a civil servant.

An Ernst & Young poll in 2016 showed that 32% of German university students want to become public servants after graduation. Of the 3,500 respondents, 63% ranked job security as the most important consideration.

Klaus Dadestadt, chairman of the German Civil Servants Association, said that in the economic downturn, young people pay more attention to job stability, and "civil servants" are undoubtedly attractive careers.

However, the German government has been downsizing the civil service in recent years to streamline government agencies. The traditional state-owned communications sector has been corporateized and privatized, such as Deutsche Telekom, and its employees are no longer part of the civil service. Some basic administrative tasks are also performed more by contractual staff.

According to the latest data from the German Federal Statistical Office, civil servants who enjoy the "iron rice bowl" account for only 40% of all public service personnel, and the remaining 60% are hired on a general contract basis. From 1991 to 2015, the civil service has shrunk by 18%.

"In response to issues such as the increase in immigration, the German public service is clearly understaffed, with a gap of up to 180,000 people," said Dadestadt.

Not only that, the aging trend of German civil servants is also becoming more and more obvious. Currently, only 18.8% of people are under 34, and 30.8% are over 55. After 20 years, the proportion of civil servants over 45 will reach 57%.

How to expand the number of civil servants in the future and give young people more opportunities to enter the civil service industry is an urgent task to improve public services.

Australia: Immigrants also have the opportunity to be public servant

There is no national uniform civil service examination in Australia. Except for batches of college entrance examinations each year, most of them are randomly taken.

Each department of the Commonwealth Government of Australia has its own hiring standards. Generally, a government department issues job advertisements after a vacancy occurs. Applicants provide application materials, which generally include self-statements, mainly by stating their past experience and their characteristics to prove I am suitable for this job. In addition, you need to prepare a resume. Relevant review committees make preliminary selections based on the application materials and determine the interview list. Generally, 3 to 5 people will be selected for each recruitment position after the preliminary selection.

A man who has worked in many states in Australia, has worked for the Australian Federal Government's Department of Environment and Energy for many years. He explained to this reporter that normally, the review committee is composed of three people, one of whom is the head of the employment department.

One person is from another department of the unit, and the other person is from an external unit and is responsible for monitoring the fairness of the recruitment process.

If members of the review committee have relatives or acquaintances with the applicant, they must be avoided.

In addition, in order to demonstrate fairness, the Australian civil service system also requires that at least a certain percentage of ethnic minorities, women, immigrants, graduates and people with disabilities be recruited each year.

Generally, after the interview is completed, the review committee will give a comprehensive score to the applicants based on the application materials, interview scores, and evaluation of the recommender. Those with the highest scores will be accepted first.

In the Australian civil service, applicants are generally required to have acquired citizenship or have applied for citizenship.

People with permanent residency can apply for non-core sectors or short-term employment within two years, but personnel recruited by core sectors such as the Department of Defence must be Australian citizens. In addition, Australian civil service positions usually do not require applicants to have age, gender, height, or ethnicity requirements.

Similar to other countries, Australian civil servants usually work more stable and their income is guaranteed. Once a civil servant, the government will not easily fire unless it voluntarily resigns.

This is more attractive for people who tend to be stable.

In recent years, with the economic downturn and rising unemployment, college graduates have increasingly favored civil servants. In 2015, more than 3,000 college students applied to the Ministry of Environment and Energy.

Only 70 people were hired, and the competition was fierce.

In general, due to language and cultural advantages, Australians are more enthusiastic about working in policy sectors, while immigrants, especially Asians, prefer to work in technology, engineering and other related sectors.

Australian National University graduate Liam Milligan told this reporter that the foreign affairs, finance, central bank and other departments are very popular with young people, and the annual elimination rate is very high.

However, in general, the number of applicants for civil service positions is rarely hot and cold due to the small difference in treatment. It is understood that in Australia, ordinary people usually do not look at the work of public servants differently. To them, civil servants are just one of many jobs.

When publicly recruiting civil servants in Australia, they usually clarify the level and salary range. The treatment of successful applicants generally starts from the minimum wage level at this level, but you can also make reasonable requirements based on your previous work experience and income level, or even take it all at once. To the high end of wages.

Guo Linhai said that the salaries of workers in the federal government are slightly higher than the local average income, but after a certain position has been working long enough, wage growth will be limited. To earn higher income, unless you apply for a higher-level position, which is equivalent to finding a new job, because internal promotions are relatively rare.

In the Australian civil service, department heads often do not have personnel and financial power, and job promotion depends mainly on personal ability and willingness. Therefore, it is often seen that some people have both ability and experience, but are not interested in promotion, and have been working in a job for many years.

In recent years, the recruitment of Chinese civil servants has remained high, and the competition for the hottest jobs has even been “one for every mile”.

Stable work and perfect security systems have always been one of the main reasons why many people choose to apply for civil servants.