What is National day of Mourning?
When a catastrophic event occurs or an important person dies, most countries can set up a national day of mourning to pin their grief. During this period, usually all domestic government agencies and agencies abroad lowered their flags, stopped public entertainment activities, and held silent ceremonies.
In order to express the deep condolences of the people of all
ethnic groups in the country in the fight against the new crown pneumonia
epidemic, at the expense of martyrs and deceased compatriots, the State Council
decided to hold a national mourning event on April 4, 2020.
During this period, the national and foreign embassies and consulates in the lower half of the flag mourned, and the country ceased public entertainment. From 10:00 on April 4, the people of the whole country mourned for 3 minutes. Cars, trains, and ships whistle and air defense alarms sounded.
Name: National Mourning Day
Festival type: Mourning day
Festival Origins: Institutional setting
Festival event: Silence, whistle sound, air defense alarm, flower presentation, etc.
Holiday meaning: Mourning the victims
Setting up an institution: State Council
Country: People's Republic of China
Table of Content
1 Origin of the festival
2 Holiday significance
3 Domestic events
4 Mourning Wenchuan
▪ Domestic
▪ International
5 International events
6 Half Flag Regulations
Origin of the festival
Wenchuan earthquake mourning day
All along, after the death of important people, various
countries often set up various forms of mourning days to show their memory.
In
addition, after major accidents with heavy casualties, many governments will
also announce the establishment of a national day of mourning to show respect
for the lives of ordinary people.
Since this form embodies the consciousness of "respect for life" and "people-oriented", it has gradually become a kind of "international practice". Depending on the situation, the length of the national day of mourning varies.
In addition, if the deceased person's influence is huge, or the loss caused by the disaster is very large, other countries or international organizations will also initiate various mourning activities.
Before the announcement of the National Day of Mourning by
the State Council of China, Ge Jianxiong, a professor and historical geographer
of Fudan University, publicly proposed on May 16, 2008 to use May 19 as the
national day of mourning, "to express the people’s of the victims and
victims of disaster relief.
It shows the world the love of the Chinese government and the Chinese people for life and the determination of hundreds of millions to devote themselves to disaster relief and reconstruction. "
The day of mourning was set up on the day of the "First
Seven", first of all because this is a folk custom of our country, and it
has been used to commemorate and commemorate the dead in this form before Qin
Dynasty.
The second is that 7 days have passed. This is a time of ups and downs, which can free up a little time to appease the people who have lost their loved ones, to unite the hearts of the people of the country, continue to leave hope, and drive away the shadow of sadness.
To express the deep condolences of the people of all ethnic
groups across the country to the victims of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,
the State Council decided that May 19-21, 2008, will be the national day of
mourning.
During this period, the national and foreign agencies in the second half of the flag mourned and ceased public entertainment activities, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chinese embassies and consulates set up condolences.
From 14:28 on May 19th, the people of the whole country observed
three minutes of silence, when cars, trains, and ships whistle, and the air
defense alarm sounded.
The National Flag Law of the People’s Republic of China
promulgated as early as 1990 already clearly stipulated: “In the event of an unfortunate event of a particularly serious casualty or a serious natural disaster resulting in a major casualty, the flag can be mourned at half a flag.” In 2008, this law was first obtained Practice. Although 18 years is a long journey, but after taking this step, the lost life has been mourned by the country.
National Mourning Day Holiday meaning
The establishment of a national day of mourning and a
national flag of mourning in the second half of the country. This kind of
mourning ceremony held by the central government in the name of all the people
not only provides great spiritual consolation to the relatives of the victims,
but also makes all the people really feel that they are the family of the
motherland.
One member, thereby enhancing each citizen’s sense of national identity and national identity, inspiring people’s patriotic feelings and cohesion of the entire nation. When the national flag falls for citizens, dignity rises for life.
Domestic events
On October 27, 1950, the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Ren Bishi passed away and mourned at the lower half of the banner.
On January 8, 1976, when Zhou Enlai, Zhu De in July 1976, and Mao Zedong died on September 9, 1976, a national day of mourning was set.
On May 29, 1981, Song Qingling passed away. The national flag
on the Tiananmen Square in Beijing lowered half of the flag on May 30,
expressing deep condolences for Song Qingling's death.
In April 1989, Hu Yaobang, the former general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, passed away.
In June 1992, the chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former chairman Li Xiannian passed away, and the country and its agencies abroad lowered their flags by half.
On February 19, 1997, Deng Xiaoping died, and all TV shows
were stopped. There was only a big photo of Deng Xiaoping on the TV, and the
sadness and joy returned.
In September 1998, Yang Shangkun, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the state, passed away and mourned in the second half of the banner.
On May 12, 1999, to mourn the three martyrs killed in the NATO attack led by the United States led by the United States, the Tiananmen Square, Xinhua Gate, the Great Hall of the People, the location of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Shanghai were flagged at half an underground.
On May 12, 2008, a 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in
Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.
On May 18, the State Council issued an announcement:
In order to express the
deep condolences of the people across the country to the victims of the
Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, the State Council decided that May 19-21, 2008,
will be the national day of mourning. During this period, the national and
foreign embassies and consulates in the lower half of the flag expressed
condolences and ceased public entertainment activities.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chinese embassies and consulates abroad established condolences.
From 14:28 on May 19th, the people of the whole country observed three minutes of silence, when cars, trains, and ships whistle, and the air defense alarm sounded.
On April 14, 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 occurred in
Yushu City, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.
On April 20,
the State Council issued an announcement:
In order to express the deep
condolences of the people of all ethnic groups across the country to the victims
of the earthquake in Yushu, Qinghai, the State Council decided to hold a
national mourning event on April 21, 2010. Stop public entertainment.
On August 7, 2010, a huge torrential mudslide occurred in
Zhouqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. On August
14, the State Council issued an announcement: In order to express the deep
condolences of the people of all ethnic groups across the country to the
victims of the large debris flow in Zhouqu, Gansu, the State Council decided to
hold a national mourning event on August 15, 2010. Zhimour, stop public
entertainment.
In 2020, the new pneumonia epidemic will spread throughout
China. On April 3, the State Council issued an announcement: In order to
express the deep condolences of the martyrs and deceased compatriots at the
expense of the people of all ethnic groups in the fight against the new crown
pneumonia epidemic, the State Council decided to hold a national mourning event
on April 4, 2020. During this period, the national and foreign embassies and
consulates in the lower half of the flag mourned and stopped public
entertainment.
From 10:00 a.m. on April 4, the people of the whole country mourned for 3 minutes. Cars, trains, and ships sounded whistle and air defense alarm sounded.
Mourning Wenchuan
Chinese Domestic: From 14:28 on May 19, 2008, people from all over China
observed three minutes of silence in silence for the victims of the Wenchuan
earthquake in Sichuan. Hu Jintao and other leading comrades stood in silence in
front of Huairentang, Zhongnanhai for 3 minutes.
Hong Kong ships, trains
and non-operating public buses whistle at the same time to mourn the victims of
the Sichuan earthquake. The Chief Executive, Mr Donald Tsang, led all civil
servants in silence.
On May 19, 2008, most websites in the country were
displayed in gray style to express their deep condolences to the compatriots
who died in the Sichuan Wenchuan earthquake.
Some video sites suspended their unrelated broadcasts and searches during National Mourning Day. From 0:00 on May 19 to 0:22 on the 22nd, the national TV and TV stations' logos changed to black and white.
International: The Peruvian government announced May 21 as "National Day of Mourning" on May 19 to mourn China's victims in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The Bangladesh caretaker government announced on May 20 that May 21 is a national day of mourning to mourn the victims of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and the severe tropical storm in Myanmar.
Tonga announced that the country had lowered its flag at half a half on May 21, 2008.
The International Olympic Committee Headquarters lowered its flag at half a mourning on May 20, 2008.
The United Nations Office at Vienna lowered the flag at half a mourning on May 20, 2008.
Pyongyang, North Korea, sounded the air defense alarm at 14:28 on May 19, 2008, Beijing time. The car stopped and whistle to mourn the victims of the earthquake.
On the evening of May 20, 2008, some Palestinians spontaneously came to the Office of the People’s Republic of China in the State of Palestine to express their condolences with candlelight.
The Comoros government announced May 22, 2008 as the national day of mourning in the Comoros, and the second half of the country mourned the victims of the Sichuan earthquake in China.
As of 20 o'clock on May 21, 2008, leaders of 115 countries and people from all walks of life as well as foreign envoys had paid condolences to Chinese diplomatic institutions abroad to express their deep condolences to the victims of the Sichuan Wenchuan earthquake.
International events
In 2001, after the "9.11" incident, the United States designated September 14, 2001 as the National Day of Mourning.
Russian National Day of Mourning, September 6, 2004
In September 2004, after the hostage case in the Russian Republic of North Ossetia, many hostages were killed. Russia designated September 6 and 7 as the national day of mourning, and the flags across the country were lowered by half to mourn the victims.
In December 2004, after the Indian Ocean tsunami, many
countries expressed their condolences for the victims to lower their flags by
half.
The national government agencies in Thailand lowered the flag for half a day and canceled all New Year celebrations. Sweden, Germany, etc. all lowered their national flags to mourn their citizens killed in the tsunami.
In 2005, to mourn the victims of the Madrid train bombings on
March 11, 2004, the Spanish government announced the March 11th anniversary of
March 11 as a national day of mourning.
In September 2005, after the hurricane "Katrina",
US President Bush signed a decree ordering the nation and all foreign agencies
to lower the flag by half to express their condolences to the victims.
According to this decree, all public buildings and venues in the United States, including the White House, and all military installations have been lowered by half.
From May 21 to 23, 2008, Myanmar, which was hit by hunger and
tropical storms, also mourned the people who lost their lives for three days.
All flags were lowered across the country and the school held a collective
mourning ceremony.
On June 1, 2009, Air France Flight 447 used the Airbus
A330-203 passenger plane, carrying 216 passengers and 12 crew members crashed
near the islands of San Pedro and São Paulo in Brazil.
All the people on board were killed. It was Air France Since the establishment of the worst casualty in the air crash, the French government decided to designate June 8 as the national day of mourning.
On February 12, 2010, Haiti declared that day as a national day of mourning to mourn the victims of the January 12 earthquake.
Starting on March 7, 2010, Chile began a three-day national
mourning to mourn the victims of the February 27 earthquake and tsunami.
From April 11th to 17th, 2010, Poland announced the entry of
a week-long national day of mourning in memory of Polish President Kaczynski,
who was killed in the plane crash on April 10, and government officials,
military generals, 96 people including clergy.
On April 17, 2010, Hungary carried out the "National Day of Mourning" event in memory of the Polish President Kaczynski and his entourage who were killed in the plane crash. On the morning of the same day, the "National Day of Mourning" ceremony was held at Kosut Square in front of the Hungarian Parliament Building.
On August 25, 2010, the National Day of Mourning in the Philippines mourned the victims of the August 23 Philippine abduction of tourists in Hong Kong in silence.
On December 17, 2011 (local time), North Korea ’s top leader Kim Jong Il passed away, and North Korea announced national mourning from December 17 to 29.
On July 17, 2014 (local time), Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 flew from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol to Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and was suspected of being shot down by a 9K37 "beech" surface-to-air missile at a height of 33,000 feet (10,000 meters) near Ukraine’s border with Russia. In the crash, 283 passengers and 15 crew members were all killed.
The Netherlands decided that the 23rd will be a national day of mourning
On October 31, 2015 (local time), an Airbus 321 aircraft of
Russian MetroJet Airlines was performing flight 9268 from Sharm el-Sheikh to
Saint Petersburg. October 31, 2015, a large number of air crashes occurred in
Egypt. Personnel died.
While expressing condolences to the victims and sympathy with the relatives of the victims, it is hereby stipulated that November 1, 2015 will be declared a day of mourning for the Russian Federation.
On November 13, 2015, a terrorist attack occurred in Paris.
French President Hollande delivered a national speech:
Cndemning the
"Islamic State" organization (IS) for planning the terrorist attack
in Paris. This terrorist attack is a "behaviour of war". Planned and
implemented by overseas IS organizations, assisted by forces in France.
Hollande held a special meeting in the French Parliament on the 16th and will
set up a three-day mourning day.
On the evening of November 25, 2016, Cuban revolutionary
leader Fidel Castro died at the age of 90. Uruguayan President Vazquez sent a
message of condolences to the Cuban government and people to mourn Fidel
Castro.
The Uruguayan government also announced the 27th as the National Day of Mourning, and all public buildings, military camps, air bases, warships, and embassies and consulates in foreign countries will lower their flags to mourn.
On March 11, 2019, an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737-MAX 8 passenger plane crashed on the 10th, killing all 157 people on board. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abi Ahmed Ali announced that March 11 will be designated as a national day of mourning to mourn all the victims of the crash.
On March 21, 2019, Prime Minister Adil Abdul-Mehdi announced that the national and foreign agencies in Iraq will begin a three-day national mourning period from the 21st to mourn the death of the ferry in the north of Iraq By.
On April 21, 2019, a series of bombings in Sri Lanka killed
290 people and injured more than 500. President Cirisena declared 23 the
National Day of Mourning.
Half Flag Regulations
Mourning: On June 28, 1990, the 14th meeting of the Standing Committee
of the Seventh National People’s Congress was adopted.
On the same day, the Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated on the 28th. Article 14 of the National Flag Law stipulates that the death of the following persons will reduce the flag to half of the flag:
(1) Chairman of the People's Republic of China, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Premier of the State Council, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission
(2) Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
(3) People who have made outstanding contributions to the People's Republic of China
(4) Persons who have made outstanding contributions to world peace or the cause of human progress.
In the event of an unfortunate event of particularly serious casualties or a serious natural disaster that causes major casualties, you can go to the bottom of the flag to mourn. I
In accordance with the provisions of the
first paragraph (3), (4) and second paragraph of this article, the second half
of the flag shall be decided by the State Council.
The date and place of the second half of the banner in accordance with this Article shall be determined by the state’s funeral institution or the State Council.
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