Why does India seem to have only Prime Minister and not President?
India has a president. The current president of India is Ram Nath Kovind, who was sworn in as President of India in July 2017. RN Kovind is currently the 14th President of India.
In the international news, we often see the Indian Prime Minister, so many people think that India has only prime minister and no president.
According to Indian law, the president is the head of state, the first citizen of India, and also the supreme commander-in-chief of the three armed forces. His term of office is five years and he can serve any term.
However, as a parliamentary country, the real power of the Indian government is in the hands of the Prime Minister. The President is only a virtual head of state and has little real power. Although nominally the president can appoint important officials such as heads of states, ministers, inspectors generals, judges, and even the prime minister can only be appointed after the president has appointed him.
But in the actual environment, in addition to the right to amnesty, the Indian president generally exercises power in accordance with the opinions of the prime minister, and the appointment of the president by the president is just a side effect.
Because it is the Prime Minister who has real power, he is basically attended by the Prime Minister in foreign affairs
In normal times, the president is only responsible for attending some courtesy activities, such as meeting foreign envoys in India and accepting credentials.
Although there is little practical power, the Indian president also has value. As head of state, the president can still play the role of supervising the prime minister. If what the Prime Minister does is unconstitutional, the President can stop it.
Except India, Israel, Singapore, Iraq, Hungary, Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Greece, and Finland. These countries have parliamentary republics. In the political activities of these countries, the parliament is the leading institution and elected by parliament The Prime Minister is the de facto highest helm of the country.
Like India, these countries are also presidents, but the presidents of all parliamentary countries are virtual heads of state. They have no real power and only play a role of supervising the prime minister.
(The hooded lady standing in the middle of the crowd is the President of Singapore, Halima Jacobs, but what we often see in daily news is Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong)
In these countries, the Prime Minister does not have to be accountable to the President, because the President has no right to remove the Prime Minister, and only the Parliament can be forced to step down, so the Prime Minister is only accountable to the Parliament. It is precisely because of the important position of parliament in the political activities of the country that this kind of government may be called "parliamentary republic".
In fact, the political operation model of the constitutional monarchy is the same as that of the parliamentary republic. Both belong to the "parliamentary system." It's just that the head of the constitutional monarchy is the monarch, hereditary and lifetime. The head of the parliamentary republic is the president, who has a term and is elected. But neither the monarch nor the president, they have no real power, the real power is in the hands of the government prime minister and cabinet prime minister.
Of course, not all countries list the president as a false job. In a "presidential state," the president has real power, such as:
United States, France, South Korea, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Argentina, Turkey. The presidents of these countries are nominal heads of state and have real power, while their prime ministers are nominated by the president and belong to the president's big steward.
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