Job of British Prime Minister (Head of the Government of Britain)
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the full name of the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(PM), referred to as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom or the British
Prime Minister, the head of the British government, is the representative The
highest official of the British royal family and the people in charge of state
administrative power.
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is usually
automatically elected by the majority leader of the British House of Commons or
the leader of the ruling coalition.
The candidate is officially appointed by
the King / Queen.
On July 23, 2019, Boris Johnson was elected leader of the
ruling Conservative Party.
On July 24, Boris Johnson took over as Teresa May
and became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Official Residence of British Prime Minister: 10 Downing Street, Cheeks Manor
First prime minister:
Robert Walpole
Current prime minister:
Boris Johnson
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Table of Content
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1.
Job Profile
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History
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Origin of the System
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Origin of Name
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Prime Minister Power
2.
Current Prime Minister
3.
Successive Prime Ministers
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History
There have been 77 British Prime Ministers from the first Robert
Walpole to the one now.
British Prime Minister Job profile
Increasingly, he can choose his minister, he can dissolve
parliament, and if he is a Conservative, he can also appoint the party's
chairman.
What kind of people are these prime ministers who hold the power of the country?
They are all different and different. Includes an amateur
scientist, a philosopher, some horse racing fans and sluts, a novelist, a
historian, and a generalist (referring to Salisbury, Balfour, Rothbury, Par
(Meston, Disraeli, Churchill and Wellington) some mediocre and a few geniuses.
Charles James Fox, Edmund Burke, Viscount Castle Ray, John
Carter, Richard Cobden, George Curzon, Ernest Bevin, Annalin Bevan, Hugh
Gateskel, Laber Butler and others, for one reason or another, their health or
status, disposition, or just failed to reach the top of the political slider.
They are not without the talents of the successful ones.
This just means that
in the selection process, some people must be eliminated, even some of the
best. Only one horse won in the competition.
As expected, the British Prime Minister has always been a
mixed family, not obviously talented or imaginative, and occasionally some of
them also showed a little genius.
Just think about Old Pete, Lloyd George and
Churchill. But in general, they are ordinary people, and this fact is not
surprising.
Buckchott said: "A politician can combine the power of the
first class with the creed of the second class." In other words, because
of their professional nature, their insights are destined to be pulled down.
To the level of ordinary people. The Prime Minister's role is to manage a group
of ambitious and changeable people-some of whom consider themselves not their
rivals or opponents (such as Herbert Morrison in Attlee's government). Unite in
difficult times and make sure every member of this band contributes to the
ensemble.
The strongest of them said: "As long as we are all talking about
the same thing, it doesn't matter what we say.
The most important thing is that
the Prime Minister must avoid uncontrollable monologues. This position requires
a lot of diplomacy, even a little Not honest thoughts.
The government of a democratic country attaches importance to
being in conflict with the opposition, and the prime minister should give an
impression; he is the leader in a brutal struggle. Therefore, whatever his
personal opinion, he must appear vigorous.
Balfour lost his leadership in the
Conservative Party because of this failure. He must avoid flattering everyone,
and at the same time remember that his government, like any other government,
is a consortium of people with different opinions, everything from extreme left
to extreme right.
According to a survey, 45 of the 49 Prime Ministers to Mrs
Thatcher were married. Most of them love family life and have many children and
grandchildren.
The Duke of Grafton had 17 children before and after the two
marriages, while Charlie Earl Grey, although only married once, had 15
children.
When Spencer Percival was assassinated in the corridor of the lower
house, he was already the father of 12 children. Lord Bout, who has gradually
won the prime minister position by playing cards with Prince of Wales, has 11
children.
Most of the Prime Ministers graduated from various
aristocratic public schools, of which 20 graduated from Eaton College and 22
graduated from other colleges.
Many have university degrees: 24 graduated from
Oxford University and 15 graduated from Cambridge University.
The two old
universities have trained 3/4 of the prime minister for Britain.
The six prime
ministers, who had no college education at all, had a strange experience. Duke
of Wellington, the British commander who defeated Napoleon in Waterloo. After
graduating from Eton College, he went to a French military academy. The
two-year course was only dancing and horse riding.
The goal was to become a
standard gentleman. Disraeli, who controlled the Suez Canal for the United
Kingdom, was born into a Jewish family and only attended a religious school for
one year after converting to Anglicanism. During World War II, Prime Minister
Churchill had to pay too much money to go to the Royal Military Academy of
Sandhurst to mix his diplomas because he was too partial in Harrow College.
From a birth point of view, before 1834, the British Prime
Minister was born of the aristocracy except Addington and Canning.
Addington's
father was a doctor and had a wide range of relationships. And Cunning's mother
was just an unpopular actor, who completed her college education entirely with
the help of her uncle.
Starting with Peel, people born in the big bourgeoisie
came to power. Peel's father is a very wealthy cotton tycoon. His political
opponents jokingly called him "Jenny Textile Machine."
In a certain
sense, his family is indeed the product of the British Industrial Revolution.
Reston, his father became a maritime giant by selling slaves.
After Henry
Campbell Bannerman formed the cabinet in the early 20th century, people from
middle-class families gradually won many victories. Later Prime Ministers
including Lloyd George, Chamberlain, Heath and Mrs Thatcher belonged to this
class.
The so-called middle class mainly refers to their mental appearance
rather than property. These people do not rely on their family's reputation and
financial resources, but mainly rely on their own hard work and struggle to
reach the peak of their rights.
Of all these prime ministers, only one is truly
from a working people's family. He is McDonald, whose father is a tenant farmer
in Scotland and his mother is a maid.
He basically self-taught himself, and was
later elected chairman of the Labour Party, and became prime minister through
elections.
What is even more surprising is that among the 49 heads, 15
of them have traced back to the same ancestor. This man was an ordinary country
squire, George Williers, from the time of Elizabeth I. He had a
handsome-looking son, also known as George Williers, and later won the favor of
King James I.
At the age of 30, he jumped several levels to become the Duke of
Buckingham. He later became a close friend of Charles I and became notorious He
was assassinated by a Puritan in 1628.
Among the 15 offspring of George
Williers, some have mediocre achievements and some outstanding people, such as
Peter and Son, Lord Russell, and Churchill, Aiden and Home. Even Queen
Elizabeth II today is related to this family. In addition, novelist Henry
Fielding and famous mathematician Bertrand Russell are also descendants of
Williers.
Successive prime ministers have different religions. The top
26 prime ministers are all Anglicans, although the Duke of Grafton later
converted to the only denomination.
The 27th Prime Minister Addington is a
Presbyterian member. Gladstone and Salisbury are High Church members, and the
latter are Presbyterians: Rothbury, Balfour, Bannerman, and Bona Law.
Followed
by Wilson (Congregational Church) Callaghan (Baptist Church) and Lady Thatcher
(Methodist Church). Only McDonald is an atheist.
Origin of the British Prime Ministerial System
Head of the British Cabinet. It is customary for the King to
appoint the majority leader of Parliament. After the establishment of a British
constitutional monarchy, the German Emperor George I of Hanover in 1714
inherited the British throne. Because he did not understand English and was not
familiar with British state affairs, he stopped participating in cabinet
meetings from 1717.
In 1714, Queen Anne of England fell alive. There were fifty
blood nobles closer to Queen Anne in front of George I, but they were all
Catholics and could not inherit the British throne.
The Queen was the closest
Protestant aristocrat, so according to the will of 1714, he inherited the
British throne, called George I, became the first king of the Hanover royal
family, and a king whose native language was German and could not speak fluent
English. He killed Whig leader Robert Walpole as cabinet leader and did not
attend cabinet meetings himself. Since then, it has set a precedent for the
British monarchs not to attend. The meeting was changed by the King to preside
over a trusted minister, which became the beginning of the British Prime
Minister system.
Origin of the name
1721 Minister of Finance, Majority Leader of the House of
Commons,
Sir Robert Walpole was appointed cabinet leader by King George
I to begin the post of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. However, the
official name of the post was not the Prime Minister, but "Chief Minister
of Finance". Thereafter, the cabinet was usually chaired by the First
Minister of Finance, but it was not absolute. Old Pete served as Prime Minister
with the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister's status and name were formally determined
by the Pete Cabinet in 1783. When Prime Minister Disere signed the Berlin
Treaty in 1878, the name of the prime minister was first seen in official
documents. In the early days, most of the prime ministers were appointed by
aristocratic legislators, and later the majority of members of the lower house
were prime ministers. From 1902, it became the constitutional practice for the
Prime Minister to be appointed only by the majority leader of the lower house
and appointed by the King.
In 1905 Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman was appointed Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister appeared for the first time
in his decree on the King, becoming a formal British official title. By the
promulgation of the Law of the Kings and Ministers in 1937, the word Prime
Minister was recognized by law.
As usual, after the parliamentary elections, the King
summoned the majority leader, appointed it as Prime Minister, and authorized
the formation of the cabinet. The Prime Minister proposes a cabinet list from
his party members and invites the King to appoint him. Ministers are Cabinet
Ministers and Non- Cabinet Ministers. Cabinet ministers participating in the
cabinet are only some of the ministers in the government. The number of cabinet
members is determined by the prime minister, and the number of members often
changes.
In addition to the Prime Minister participating in the cabinet, there
are usually ministers of important departments such as foreign affairs,
defense, finance, and interior affairs. The judges who do not bear the head of
a specific department, the president of the Privy Council, the minister of the
seal, the Scottish affairs minister in charge of regional affairs, and Wales
Secretary of State, Minister of Northern Ireland. Prior to cabinet meetings,
the Prime Minister sometimes convened a small number of close ministers to
discuss important policy guidelines, called small cabinets or cabinets.
Cabinet powers include:
- Making final decisions on policies submitted to Parliament.
- Exercising the highest executive powers in accordance with policies set by Parliament
- Coordinating and determining the powers of government ministries.
- In addition, when the state is in an emergency, it has the right to take urgent action.
There are various standing committees and ad
hoc committees. Except for individual committees, their composition and terms
of reference are confidential and must not be disclosed during the term. The
office has an office, which is responsible for arranging the agenda and
communicating important internal administrative matters such as the cabinet and
various government departments. Cabinet meetings are convened by the Prime
Minister at any time, and the parliament usually meets once or twice a week.
The content of the meeting was kept confidential. The discussions were not
recorded and never voted. The Prime Minister concluded his decision in his own
opinion. Cabinet members bear joint responsibility for government policies and
actions. Regardless of whether there is disagreement among cabinet members,
external consensus must be maintained.
British Prime Minister
The law is formally stipulated, but according to custom, the
Prime Minister has very extensive powers and holds the power of the state. The
status of the Prime Minister in the British political system arises from
constitutional practice, and its power is also determined by constitutional
practice.
In accordance with constitutional practice, the Prime
Minister has the following powers:
1. The Prime Minister has the power to dissolve the House of
Commons.
2. The Prime Minister may propose to Parliament the right to
move legislation.
3 Report the entire situation to the King on behalf of the
government.
4 Defending major government policies in Parliament on
behalf of the government.
5 Propose to the King a list of cabinet members and other
ministers, or ask them to resign or change their positions.
6. Preside over cabinet meetings and decide on the agenda of
the cabinet.
7. Recommend to the King the appointment of senior judges,
bishops and certain other officials.
8. Decide on the division of powers of each ministry,
determine the establishment, merger and abolition of ministry.
9. Provide general guidance to each department's business and
resolve disputes between various departments.
10. The Prime Minister holds the commanding power of the
three armed forces and has the right to declare war.
However, the Prime Minister, as the leader of the
parliamentary majority party, can manipulate the parliament and has the right
to recommend that the King dissolve the parliament and declare a new general
election.
The resignation of the Walpole cabinet in 1742 due to the loss of
parliamentary support set a precedent for the formation of political parties
that must have a majority in the parliament and be collectively responsible.
In
1784, Pete's cabinet did not receive the support of the lower house and asked
the king to dissolve the lower house and advance elections. After winning, it
continued to form a cabinet. This practice became common practice.
In fact, the
British Prime Minister has more power than the American President. The
President of the United States only has the right to nominate cabinet members,
while the British Prime Minister has the right to appoint.
Current prime minister of Britain
On July 23, 2019, Boris Johnson was elected leader of the
ruling Conservative Party. On July 24, Boris Johnson took over as Theresa May
and became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Successive prime ministers of the UK
1. Robert Walpole April 4, 1721-February 11, 1742 The Whig
Party
2. Spencer Compton February 16, 1742-July 2, 1743 The Whig
Party
3. Henry Pelham August 27, 1743-March 7, 1754 Whig Party
4. Thomas Pelham-Holles March 16, 1754-November 16, 1756 The
Whig Party
5. William Cavendish November 16, 1756—June 25, 1757 The Whig
Party
6. Thomas Pelham-Holles July 2, 1757-May 26, 1762 The Whig
Party
7. John Stuart, May 26, 1762-April 16, 1763, Tory Party [4]
8. George Grenville April 16, 1763-July 13, 1765 The Whig
Party
9. Charles Watson-Wentworth July 13, 1765-July 30, 1766 The
Whig Party
10. William Pitt (the "Elder"), July 30,
1766-October 14, 1768, The Whig Party
11. Augustus Henry FitzRoy October 14, 1768-January 28, 1770
The Whig Party
12. Frederick North January 28, 1770-March 22, 1782 Tory
Party
13. Charles Watson-Wentworth (March 27, 1782-July 1, 1782)
14. William Petty July 4, 1782-April 2, 1783 The Whig Party
15. William Cavendish-Bentinck April 2, 1783—December 19,
1783 Tory Party / Fox-North Joint Cabinet
16. William Pitt ‘the Younger’ December 19, 1783-March 14,
1801 Tory Party
17. Henry Addington March 17, 1801-May 10, 1804 Tory Party
18. William Pitt ‘the Younger’ May 10, 1804-January 23, 1806
19. William Wyndham Grenville (February 11, 1806-March 31,
1807)
20. William Cavendish-Bentinck March 31, 1807-October 4, 1809
Tory Party
21. Spencer Perceval, October 4, 1809-May 11, 1812, Tory
Party
22. Robert Banks Jenkinson June 9, 1812-April 10, 1827 Tory
Party
23. George Canning, April 10, 1827-August 8, 1827, Tory Party
[4]
24. Frederick John Robinson August 31, 1827-January 22, 1828
Tory Party
25. Arthur Wellesley January 22, 1828-November 22, 1830 Tory
Party
26. Charles Grey November 22, 1830-July 16, 1834 The Whig
Party
27. William Lamb July 16, 1834-November 17, 1834 The Whig
Party
28. Arthur Wellesley (November 17, 1834-December 9, 1834)
29. Robert Peel December 10, 1834-April 18, 1835 Conservative
Party
30. William Lamb April 18, 1835-August 30, 1841 The Whig
Party
31. Robert Peel August 30, 1841-June 30, 1846 Conservative
Party
32. John Russell June 30, 1846-February 23, 1852 The Whig
Party
33. Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley February 23,
1852-December 19, 1852 Conservative Party
34. George Hamilton-Gordon December 19, 1852-February 6, 1855
Peel Conservative Party / United Cabinet
35. Henry John Temple February 6, 1855-February 20, 1858 The
Whig Party
36. Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley February 20,
1858-June 12, 1859 The Conservative Party [4]
37. Henry John Temple June 12, 1859-October 18, 1865 Liberal
Party
38. John Russell October 29, 1865-June 28, 1866 Liberal Party
39. Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley June 28, 1866-February
27, 1868 Conservative Party
40. Benjamin Disraeli February 27, 1868-December 3, 1868
Conservative Party
41. William Ewart Gladstone December 3, 1868-February 20,
1874 Liberal Party
42. Benjamin Disraeli February 20, 1874-April 23, 1880
Conservative Party
43. William Ewart Gladstone April 23, 1880-June 23, 1885
Liberal Party
44. Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil June 23, 1885-February
1, 1886 Conservative Party
45. William Ewart Gladstone February 1, 1886-July 25, 1886
Liberal Party
46. Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil August 3,
1886-August 15, 1892 Conservative Party
47. William Ewart Gladstone August 15, 1892-March 5, 1894
Liberal Party
48. Archibald Philip Primrose March 5, 1894-June 25, 1895
Liberal Party
49. Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil June 25, 1895-July
12, 1902 Conservative Party
50. Arthur James Balfour July 12, 1902-December 5, 1905
Conservative Party
51. Henry Campbell-Bannerman (December 5, 1905-April 7, 1908)
52. Herbert Henry Asquith April 7, 1908-December 7, 1916
Liberal Party
53. David Lloyd George December 7, 1916-October 23, 1922
Liberal Party
54. Andrew Bonar Law (October 23, 1922-May 22, 1923,
Conservative Party)
55. Stanley Baldwin May 22, 1923-January 22, 1924
Conservative Party
56. James Ramsay MacDonald January 22, 1924-November 4, 1924
Labour Party
57. Stanley Baldwin, November 4, 1924-June 5, 1929, The
Conservative Party
58. Ramsay MacDonald, June 5, 1929-June 7, 1935
59. Stanley Baldwin, June 7, 1935-May 28, 1937, The
Conservative Party
60. Arthur Neville Chamberlain May 28, 1937-May 10, 1940
Conservative Party
61. Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill May 10, 1940-July 26,
1945 Conservative Party / United Cabinet
62. Clement Richard Attlee July 26, 1945-October 26, 1951
Labour
63. Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill October 26, 1951-April
6, 1955 Conservative Party
64. Robert Anthony Eden April 6, 1955-January 10, 1957 The
Conservative Party
65. Maurice Harold Macmillan January 10, 1957-October 19,
1963 Conservative Party
66. Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home October 19, 1963-October
16, 1964 Conservative Party
67. Harold Wilson (James Harold Wilson) October 16, 1964-June
19, 1970 Labour
68. Edward Richard George Heath June 19, 1970-March 4, 1974
Conservative Party
69. James Harold Wilson March 4, 1974-April 5, 1976 Labour
Party [4]
70. Leonard James Callaghan April 5, 1976-May 4, 1979 Labour
Party
71. Margaret Hilda Thatcher May 4, 1979-November 28, 1990 The
Conservative Party
72. John Major November 28, 1990-May 2, 1997 The Conservative
Party
73. Anthony Charles Lynton Blair May 2, 1997-June 27, 2007
Labour Party
74. James Gordon Brown (June 27, 2007-May 11, 2010)
75. David William Donald Cameron May 11, 2010-July 13, 2016
Conservative Party / United Cabinet
76. Theresa Mary May July 13, 2016-July 24, 2019 Conservative Party
/ United Cabinet
77. Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (July 24, 2019-Today) The
Conservative Party
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